激光拉曼光谱对血糖含量的分析

发布时间：2018-09-17 18:43

【摘要】：血糖就是血液中的糖,它在血液中是以葡萄糖的形式存在的。生命体内各组织细胞活动随时都需要能量,葡萄糖就是这些能量的供应者,有了能量的正常供应,生物体的各个组织系统才能健康的运作。所以为了保证生物体内各个器官和组织的能量需要,生物体内血糖必须保持在一定的正常水平。那么当血糖达到什么水平算是正常呢?健康的人早晨的空腹血糖浓度应该在80-120mg%,当空腹血糖浓度低于70mg%我们称之为低血糖,如果空腹时血糖浓度高130mg%,那么这就是高血糖,当空腹血糖浓度超过160-180mg%时,就会有一部分葡萄糖伴随着尿液排出体外,这就是我们常称的糖尿。如果饥饿时间过长或者是持续剧烈体力活动后,低血糖患者的脑组织首先会对低血糖出现头晕、心悸、出冷汗以及饥饿感等反应,如果血糖持续下降到血糖浓度低于45mg%时,就会发生低血糖昏迷的危险现象；一次性或短时间的高血糖对人体没有什么严重的损害,情绪激动、高度紧张或在生物应激状态下可能会出现短暂的高血糖情况,而某一次进食大量的糖类也会引起短暂的高血糖,随后,血糖就慢慢恢复了正常水平,但是长期的高血糖对人体的危害还是很严重的,它会使生物体全身的各个组织和器官发生病变,例如胰腺功能衰竭、抵抗力下降、肾功能受损等等急慢性并发症；糖尿病的患病率特别高,对人生命的危害也是非常严重的,轻者会导致人体某个机能出现问题,重者则有可能致命。糖尿病是一种常见的内分泌代谢性疾病,它是由于生物体内胰岛素分泌的缺陷或者由于胰岛素作用的缺陷引起的持续高血糖为特征的慢性全身代谢疾病。它会带来一些急性慢性并发症,如乳酸性酸中毒,糖尿病酮症酸中毒、糖尿病高渗综合症、微血管并发症以及大血管并发症等等。尽管这些病对我们来说非常恐怖,目前也没有彻底医治的办法,但是我们也不能束手待毙,如果我们能够早期发现或者采取有效的治疗措施,则完全可以达到控制病情、增寿延年的目标,因此血糖的监测对于那些糖尿病和低血糖的患者来说非常重要,通过血糖监测,他们可以掌握自己体内的血糖含量变化,并且通过血糖监测所得数据对他们的饮食、生活规律以及合理用药都有指导意义。当血糖含量不正常时,患者也能够及时发现到医院就医治疗,以避免进一步严重的状况发生。血糖监测还可以用来反映治疗的效果,为治疗方案的调整,改善治疗状况提供数据依据。但是,目前血糖的测量方法都是有创或微创的,对于正在接受胰岛素治疗的糖尿病患者来说,每天需要4-7次的血糖检测,而对于低血糖患者和其它有关血糖的并发症者也同样需要频繁的检测血糖来了解体内血糖的含量,如此频繁的血糖监测,对患者造成了身体的疼痛和心灵上的伤害。本文我们探索一种无创的测量血糖含量的方法,为进一步探索临床无创血糖监测方法奠定基础。拉曼光谱源于分子的振动和转动能级跃迁,属于分子振动-转动光谱,因此可以获得物质分子结构的直接信息,对物质进行定性分析；试样可通过光纤探头或通过玻璃、石英、蓝宝石窗和光纤直接进行无损测量；拉曼光谱法分辨率高,重现性好,简单快速,并且由于水的拉曼散射极弱,所以拉曼散射法特别适合水体系的研究,尤其是对生物试样和无机物的研究；拉曼光谱谱峰清晰尖锐,峰强度与所测物质活性成分的浓度成正比,据此,可以利用拉曼光谱对生物体的某些成分进行定量分析。本文探索一种利用拉曼系统无创的测量血糖的含量的方法,我们首先做了一个体外验证性试验,即拉曼光谱对体外血糖含量的分析。以小白鼠为实验模型,获取小白鼠在注射葡萄糖后不同时间阶段体外血液的拉曼光谱并且探索一种新的数据分析方法,对体外血液光谱的血糖拉曼峰1125cm-1进行分析,结果表明,1125cm-1/1549cm-1的变化对应于血糖的变化,它们之间的线性度达到0.94,这个结果表明了拉曼光谱技术可以对体外血液的血糖含量进行分析。之后,我们利用拉曼系统测量活体小鼠体内的血糖含量,系统的获取了活体小白鼠在注射葡萄糖后不同时间阶段的血液拉曼光谱,对血液光谱1125cm-’的血糖拉曼峰进行分析,发现1125cm-1/1549cm-1的变化同样可以很好的与血糖变化相对应,并且它们之间的线性关系达到了0.98,比体外实验的线性度高,这个原因可能是由于体内实验没有改变血液周围的生理环境,进而得到的生命信息也是最接近自然状态最准确的。文章中的实验表明,拉曼技术可以在无创的条件下分析血糖的含量,这为我们下一步探究临床无创测量血糖方法奠定了理论基础。
[Abstract]:Glucose is the sugar in the blood. It exists in the blood in the form of glucose. The activities of tissues and cells in the body need energy at any time. Glucose is the supplier of these energy. With the normal supply of energy, the tissues and systems of the organism can operate healthily. So in order to ensure the various organs and systems of the organism. When blood glucose levels are normal, healthy people should have a fasting blood glucose level of 80-120 mg in the morning, when the fasting blood glucose level is below 70 mg%, we call it hypoglycemia, if the fasting blood glucose level is 130 mg high, then this is hyperglycemia. Sugar, when fasting blood glucose levels exceed 160-180 mg%, a portion of glucose is excreted from the body with urine, which is often referred to as glycosuria. The risk of hypoglycemic coma occurs when fructose glucose continues to fall below 45 mg% of the blood glucose level; one-off or short-term hyperglycemia does not cause serious damage to the body; emotional agitation, high stress or short-term hyperglycemia may occur in a state of biological stress, and a large number of carbohydrates may be consumed at one time. It causes short-term hyperglycemia and then slowly returns to normal levels, but long-term hyperglycemia is still a serious threat to the human body. It can cause pathological changes in various tissues and organs of the body, such as pancreatic failure, decreased resistance, impaired renal function and other acute and chronic complications; the prevalence of diabetes is particularly high. Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency in insulin secretion in the body or a persistent hyperglycemia caused by a deficiency in insulin action. Systemic metabolic disorders. They can cause acute and chronic complications, such as lactic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome, microvascular complications, macrovascular complications, and so on. Although these diseases are terrible to us, there is no thorough cure for them, we can't wait for them, such as If we can detect or take effective treatment early, we can achieve the goal of controlling the disease and prolonging life span, so blood glucose monitoring is very important for those with diabetes and hypoglycemia, through blood glucose monitoring, they can control their own blood glucose content changes, and through blood glucose monitoring Institute When blood glucose levels are abnormal, patients can also be found in time to seek medical treatment in hospitals to avoid further serious conditions. Blood glucose monitoring can also be used to reflect the effect of treatment, to provide data for the adjustment of treatment regimens and to improve treatment conditions. Basis.
However, current blood glucose measurement methods are invasive or minimally invasive. For diabetic patients undergoing insulin therapy, blood glucose tests are required four to seven times a day. For hypoglycemic patients and other complications related to blood glucose, blood glucose levels in the body need to be measured frequently, so frequently. In this paper, we explore a non-invasive method to measure blood glucose content, which lays a foundation for further exploration of clinical non-invasive blood glucose monitoring methods.
Raman spectroscopy originates from the vibrational and rotational energy level transition of molecules, and belongs to the vibrational-rotational spectroscopy of molecules. Therefore, direct information about the molecular structure of substances can be obtained and qualitative analysis of substances can be carried out. Raman scattering method is especially suitable for the study of water system, especially for biological samples and inorganic substances because of its good present, simple and fast, and the intensity of Raman spectra is directly proportional to the concentration of the active components of the substances, so it can be used to study some organisms by Raman spectroscopy. Components were quantitatively analyzed.
In this paper, a non-invasive method of measuring blood glucose by Raman spectroscopy has been developed. First, a validation experiment in vitro, i.e. Raman spectroscopy, has been done to analyze the blood glucose content in vitro. Data analysis method, blood glucose Raman spectroscopy in vitro 1125 cm-1 analysis, the results showed that 1125 cm-1/1549 cm-1 changes correspond to the changes in blood glucose, the linearity between them reached 0.94, the results show that Raman spectroscopy can be used to analyze blood glucose content in vitro. After that, we use the Raman system. Blood Raman spectra of living mice at different stages after glucose injection were obtained. Blood Raman spectra of 1125 cm-'were analyzed. It was found that the changes of 1125 cm-1/1549 cm-1 could also well correspond to the changes of blood glucose and the linearity between them was good. The relationship is 0.98, which is more linear than that in vitro. This may be due to the fact that in vivo experiments do not change the physiological environment around the blood, and the resulting life information is the closest to the natural state and the most accurate. One step is to lay a theoretical foundation for clinical non-invasive measurement of blood glucose.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R318.51;O433.4

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