基于光腔衰荡光谱技术的呼吸丙酮分析仪设计
发布时间：2018-10-17 07:18
【摘要】：随着现代医学科技的发展和多学科的交叉融合,作为医学研究前沿的重大疾病早期诊断技术也在不断突破和创新。尤其是用于重大疾病诊断的呼吸生物标记物(Biomaker)技术得到了快速发展。医学研究表明,呼吸气体中的化学标识物含量可以反映人体的代谢状况及健康状况,当人体的脏器或组织损伤病变之后,其功能变化会引起相应代谢产物的改变。这些代谢产物能够通过气血屏障进入肺部,从而引起呼出气组分的改变,最终表征为排出体外的某些特定气体浓度升高,因而这些特定气体可以作为一些疾病的生物标志物。 传统用于呼吸检测的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)的分析方法可以将呼吸气体标志物的测量精度达到ppb乃至ppt量级,但是该方法耗费时间长,仪器体积庞大,成本较高,目前只适宜于实验室研究,无法进入实质的临床阶段,很难实现仪器的便携化而走入社区及家庭。光腔衰荡光谱(Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy, CRDS)技术作为一种高精度、超灵敏的光谱吸收测量方法,具有测量结果不受入射光强起伏影响、有效光程长及测量准确度高、灵敏度高等优点,有望成为未来呼吸气体分析领域的首选技术。 本文以糖尿病的呼吸标志物丙酮为测量对象,针对丙酮吸收光谱的特异性,选择合适的激光光谱波段作为系统的入射光源,设计并搭建基于CRDS技术的丙酮分析系统硬件平台,详细分析了各模块的选择依据,完成原理验证；经测定,该系统的空腔稳定性达0.4%,测量人体呼吸状态下的系统稳定性达1.4%,重复性高；在该系统下测量了实验室空气的衰荡信号,计算在空气中的吸收率为5.95±0.25×10-4；初步测量健康人体呼吸丙酮含量,为实现糖尿病的无创检测奠定基础。 全文一共分为五章： 第一章较为详细地介绍了呼吸气体分析的医学背景、课题研究意义及国内外发展现状； 第二章主要介绍了CRDS技术的工作原理及自行设计搭建的基于CRDS技术呼吸丙酮分析系统,对系统的光源、衰荡腔、信号探测及数据处理等各方面进行了详细地分析； 第三章中测量空腔下的衰荡时间信号,计算反射镜的反射率,空腔稳定性达0.4%,重复性高；进行了丙酮气体的初步测量；在该系统下测量了实验室空气的衰荡信号,空气的吸收率为5.95±0.25×10-4；测量了健康人体呼吸气体,测量人体呼吸状态下的系统稳定性达1.4%,.初步分析了健康人呼吸丙酮含量,实验结果表明本文所设计的仪器运行良好,可实现人体呼吸丙酮的测量,为糖尿病的无创检测奠定基础。 第四章里主要从光学干扰、检测电路干扰和信号噪声这三个角度对系统误差进行分析。 第五章对基于CRDS技术的呼吸丙酮气体分析系统进行总结与讨论,并对下一步的工作进行了规划。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern medical science and technology and the cross-integration of many disciplines, the early diagnosis technology of major diseases, which is the frontier of medical research, is constantly breaking through and innovating. In particular, (Biomaker), a biomarker for the diagnosis of major diseases, has been rapidly developed. Medical studies have shown that the content of chemical markers in respiratory gases can reflect the metabolic and health status of the human body. When the organs or tissues of the human body are damaged, the changes of their functions will cause the changes of the corresponding metabolites. These metabolites can enter the lungs through the blood barrier and cause changes in the exhalation components, which are characterized by the increase in the concentration of certain gases in the exhaled body, which can be used as biomarkers of some diseases. The traditional analytical method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) used for respiratory detection can make the measurement accuracy of respiratory gas markers up to the order of ppb or ppt, but this method has the advantages of long time consuming, large instrument volume and high cost. At present, it is only suitable for laboratory research and can not enter the essential clinical stage. It is difficult to realize the portable instrument and walk into the community and family. As a kind of high precision and hypersensitive spectral absorption measurement method, Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy, CRDS) technique has the advantages of not being affected by incident light intensity fluctuation, high effective optical path length, high accuracy and high sensitivity, etc. It is expected to be the preferred technology in the field of respiratory gas analysis in the future. In this paper, acetone, the respiratory marker of diabetes mellitus, is used as the measurement object. According to the specificity of acetone absorption spectrum, the appropriate laser spectral band is selected as the incident light source of the system. The hardware platform of acetone analysis system based on CRDS technology is designed and built. The selection basis of each module is analyzed in detail, the principle is verified, the cavity stability of the system is up to 0.4um, the stability of the system under the condition of human breathing is up to 1.4, and the repeatability is high, under the system, the annulling signal of the laboratory air is measured. The calculated absorptivity in air was 5.95 卤0.25 脳 10 ~ (-4), which laid a foundation for noninvasive detection of diabetes mellitus. The full text is divided into five chapters: the first chapter introduces the medical background of respiratory gas analysis, the significance of the research and the development of domestic and foreign; The second chapter mainly introduces the working principle of CRDS technology and the respiratory acetone analysis system based on CRDS technology. The light source, ring-down cavity, signal detection and data processing of the system are analyzed in detail. In the third chapter, we measure the time signal of decay under the cavity, calculate the reflectivity of the mirror, the stability of the cavity reaches 0.4, the repeatability is high, the preliminary measurement of acetone gas is carried out, and the signal of the degenerate air in the laboratory is measured under the system. The absorptivity of air is 5.95 卤0.25 脳 10 ~ (-4). The experimental results show that the instrument designed in this paper can be used to measure the respiratory acetone of human body and lay a foundation for the noninvasive detection of diabetes mellitus. In chapter 4, the system error is analyzed from three angles: optical interference, detection circuit interference and signal noise. The fifth chapter summarizes and discusses the respiratory acetone gas analysis system based on CRDS technology, and plans the next work.
【学位授予单位】：天津医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R318.6
[Abstract]:With the development of modern medical science and technology and the cross-integration of many disciplines, the early diagnosis technology of major diseases, which is the frontier of medical research, is constantly breaking through and innovating. In particular, (Biomaker), a biomarker for the diagnosis of major diseases, has been rapidly developed. Medical studies have shown that the content of chemical markers in respiratory gases can reflect the metabolic and health status of the human body. When the organs or tissues of the human body are damaged, the changes of their functions will cause the changes of the corresponding metabolites. These metabolites can enter the lungs through the blood barrier and cause changes in the exhalation components, which are characterized by the increase in the concentration of certain gases in the exhaled body, which can be used as biomarkers of some diseases. The traditional analytical method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) used for respiratory detection can make the measurement accuracy of respiratory gas markers up to the order of ppb or ppt, but this method has the advantages of long time consuming, large instrument volume and high cost. At present, it is only suitable for laboratory research and can not enter the essential clinical stage. It is difficult to realize the portable instrument and walk into the community and family. As a kind of high precision and hypersensitive spectral absorption measurement method, Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy, CRDS) technique has the advantages of not being affected by incident light intensity fluctuation, high effective optical path length, high accuracy and high sensitivity, etc. It is expected to be the preferred technology in the field of respiratory gas analysis in the future. In this paper, acetone, the respiratory marker of diabetes mellitus, is used as the measurement object. According to the specificity of acetone absorption spectrum, the appropriate laser spectral band is selected as the incident light source of the system. The hardware platform of acetone analysis system based on CRDS technology is designed and built. The selection basis of each module is analyzed in detail, the principle is verified, the cavity stability of the system is up to 0.4um, the stability of the system under the condition of human breathing is up to 1.4, and the repeatability is high, under the system, the annulling signal of the laboratory air is measured. The calculated absorptivity in air was 5.95 卤0.25 脳 10 ~ (-4), which laid a foundation for noninvasive detection of diabetes mellitus. The full text is divided into five chapters: the first chapter introduces the medical background of respiratory gas analysis, the significance of the research and the development of domestic and foreign; The second chapter mainly introduces the working principle of CRDS technology and the respiratory acetone analysis system based on CRDS technology. The light source, ring-down cavity, signal detection and data processing of the system are analyzed in detail. In the third chapter, we measure the time signal of decay under the cavity, calculate the reflectivity of the mirror, the stability of the cavity reaches 0.4, the repeatability is high, the preliminary measurement of acetone gas is carried out, and the signal of the degenerate air in the laboratory is measured under the system. The absorptivity of air is 5.95 卤0.25 脳 10 ~ (-4). The experimental results show that the instrument designed in this paper can be used to measure the respiratory acetone of human body and lay a foundation for the noninvasive detection of diabetes mellitus. In chapter 4, the system error is analyzed from three angles: optical interference, detection circuit interference and signal noise. The fifth chapter summarizes and discusses the respiratory acetone gas analysis system based on CRDS technology, and plans the next work.
【学位授予单位】：天津医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R318.6
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