数字血铅分析仪的研究与设计

发布时间：2018-10-17 16:13

【摘要】：铅是目前已知对人体危害最严重的金属元素之一，严重危害神经、造血系统及消化系统。铅中毒的来源有很多方面，如空气、饮水、食物、含铅汽油污染等。铅中毒对儿童的伤害更为严重，，尤其是对智力发育和身体成长的危害最为明显。因此普及医院的血铅检测对儿童的健康成长具有重要意义。本文比较了各种血铅测量方法的优劣，并分析了国内外血铅仪研究现状。本文研究了方波溶出伏安法的原理，并将电化学分析方法应用到实际血液样品痕量铅的分析中。本设计使用当前热点研究的三电极化学体系，利用精密运放精确控制电化学反应电压，再利用电化学传感器将化学能转换为微电流。本课题中设计了以LPC2368芯片为微控制器的血铅分析仪硬件控制系统，包括利用DAC和精密运放构成的恒电位电路，利用特殊运放采样方法和高精度ADC构成的微电流测量电路，核心控制芯片模块及外围电路及线性电源、数据通讯、打印等电路,可对电化学反应中的电压、电流进行测量和控制。软件部分使用C语言在Keil开发环境下进行设计，主要实现了三电极体系的电化学实验算法及实验数据处理与通讯、菜单设置、数据打印等功能。另外，本课题针对三电极体系中微电流采集中容易出现的干扰问题进行了相关研究，有效降低了系统电源噪声，电路板干扰，系统干扰等，大大提高了系统精度。本设计取得了较好的效果，研制了一款抗干扰能力强、灵敏度高、操作简单的快速数字式血铅分析仪。最后，通过标准溶液和实际血铅样品的测量对血铅分析仪的性能进行了测试。通过测试仪表测量浓度的线性效果和可重复性表明，本论文设计的血铅分析仪符合快速数字式血铅仪的性能指标要求。
[Abstract]:Lead is one of the most serious metallic elements known to the human body, which seriously endangers the nerves, the hematopoietic system and the digestive system. There are many sources of water, such as air, drinking water, food, leaded gasoline pollution, etc. Child injury is more serious for children, especially for mental development and physical growth. Therefore, universal hospital's blood lead detection plays an important role in the healthy growth of children. This paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of various blood lead measurement methods, and analyzes the current status of blood lead analyzer at home and abroad. In this paper, the principle of square-wave dissolving volt-ampere method is studied, and the electrochemical analysis method is applied to the analysis of trace lead in blood samples. This design uses the three-electrode chemical system of current hot spot research, precisely controls the electrochemical reaction voltage with precision transportation, and then uses the electrochemical sensor to convert chemical energy into micro The hardware control system of blood lead analyzer based on LPC2368 chip as microcontroller is designed, which includes the constant potential circuit composed of DAC and precision transportation amplifier, and the micro-current measurement composed of special load-discharge sampling method and high-precision ADC. the circuit, the core control chip module and the peripheral circuit and the linear power supply, data communication, printing and the like can measure the voltage and current in the electrochemical reaction; The software part is designed by Clanguage in Keil development environment, which mainly realizes the electrochemical experiment algorithm and experiment data processing and communication, menu setting, data printing and the like of the three-electrode system. In addition, the problem of interference in micro-current acquisition in three-electrode system is studied, and the system power supply noise, circuit board interference, system interference and so on are effectively reduced, and the system is greatly improved. Precision. This design has achieved good results, developed a fast digital blood lead with strong anti-jamming capability, high sensitivity and simple operation. finally, the performance of the blood lead analyzer is measured by the measurement of the standard solution and the actual blood lead sample The linearity effect and repeatability of the measured concentration of the test instrument show that the blood lead analyzer designed in this paper is compatible with the rapid digital blood lead analyzer.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R318.6

【参考文献】