基于MCU的心电监护系统的设计

发布时间：2018-11-03 07:31

【摘要】：心血管疾病是临床常见的三大疾病之一，严重威胁着人类健康。在全世界每年导致上千万的患者死亡，在我国，每年也有几十万人死于心脏疾病。因此，运用心电监护系统来监测和诊断心血管疾病具有十分重要的意义。通常医院使用的心电图机可以获得短时间的心电图（Electrocardiogram,ECG），诊断已成为常态的心脏疾病。然而心脏疾病具有隐蔽性和偶发性的特点，，平常工作生活时没有征兆，当发病到医院检查时症状可能又消失了。这导致了医生无法及时检测到异常心电图，延误了病情的诊断和治疗。同时，传统的心电监护仪体积大、功耗高、且价格昂贵，也限制了其使用和推广。近年来，随着生物医学技术、电子技术、通信技术和计算机技术的飞速发展，心电监护系统的研究也取得了很大的进步。本课题设计的基于MCU（Micro Control Unit，微控制单元）的心电监护系统，能够实现ECG信号的采集、处理、存储以及在PC机显示测量结果等功能。主要需完成硬件电路的设计与实现和软件程序的编写这两项工作。硬件电路设计包括模拟电路设计和数字电路设计两大部分。首先要了解心电信号的基本原理和特征，以便确定系统的设计标准。模拟电路主要实现ECG采集处理功能，由前置放大电路、右腿驱动电路、带通滤波电路、后级放大电路和50Hz陷波电路等组成，通过电路的仿真验证了ECG采集处理的可行性；数字电路主要实现单片机控制功能，由C8051F320单片机、SD卡和USB接口通讯电路等组成。软件程序编写包括单片机端软件设计和PC机端软件设计。单片机通过软件编程将ECG模拟信号转换成数字信号、向SD卡存储数据及与PC机进行USB通信；PC机应用LabVIEW软件实现虚拟仪器的显示及控制功能，并借助USBXPress开发套件实现与单片机的USB通信。本课题对以上各项工作进行了认真的研究。设计并制作了心电监护系统的硬件电路，通过仿真和实验，验证了系统的可行性，实现了ECG信号的实时采集、处理和传输；LabVIEW软件提供了良好的人机交互界面，可以观察ECG信号和设置用户信息。本系统体积小、价格低、操作方便，基本达到了预期设计要求。通过对系统的进一步研究和完善，相信可以满足人们心电监护的需要，使其成为具有重要的经济价值和社会意义的医疗仪器。
[Abstract]:Cardiovascular disease is one of the three common diseases in clinic, which is a serious threat to human health. In the world every year, tens of millions of patients die, in our country, hundreds of thousands of people die of heart disease every year. Therefore, the use of ECG monitoring system to monitor and diagnose cardiovascular disease has a very important significance. Electrocardiograph machines used in hospitals usually obtain short-term electrocardiograms (Electrocardiogram,ECG) for diagnosis of heart diseases that have become the norm. However, heart disease has the characteristics of concealment and chance, there is no sign of normal working life, and the symptoms may disappear when the disease comes to the hospital. This results in doctors unable to detect abnormal ECG in time, delaying the diagnosis and treatment of the condition. At the same time, the traditional ECG monitor is large in size, high in power consumption and expensive in price, which limits its use and popularization. In recent years, with the rapid development of biomedical technology, electronic technology, communication technology and computer technology, the research of ECG monitoring system has made great progress. The ECG monitoring system based on MCU (Micro Control Unit, micro-control unit designed in this paper can realize the functions of ECG signal acquisition, processing, storage and display of measurement results on PC machine. It is necessary to design and implement the hardware circuit and write the software program. Hardware circuit design includes analog circuit design and digital circuit design. First of all, we should understand the basic principles and characteristics of ECG in order to determine the design criteria of the system. The analog circuit mainly realizes the function of ECG acquisition and processing, which is composed of preamplifier circuit, right leg driving circuit, bandpass filter circuit, rear stage amplifier circuit and 50Hz notch circuit. The feasibility of ECG acquisition and processing is verified by the simulation of the circuit. The digital circuit is composed of C8051F320 MCU, SD card and USB interface communication circuit. Software programming includes single-chip software design and PC software design. Single chip computer converts ECG analog signal into digital signal through software programming, stores data to SD card and communicates with PC computer. PC computer uses LabVIEW software to realize the display and control function of virtual instrument, and realizes the communication with the USB of single chip microcomputer with the help of USBXPress development kit. This subject has carried on the earnest research to the above each work. The hardware circuit of ECG monitoring system is designed and made. The feasibility of the system is verified by simulation and experiment, and the real-time acquisition, processing and transmission of ECG signal are realized. LabVIEW software provides a good man-machine interface, can observe ECG signals and set user information. The system is small, low price, easy to operate, basically up to the expected design requirements. Through further research and improvement of the system, it is believed that it can meet the needs of ECG monitoring and make it a medical instrument with important economic value and social significance.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH772.2

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