一种新型生物声纳导盲仪的研究与开发

发布时间：2019-05-17 21:36

【摘要】：关心和帮助盲人是社会文明进步的重要标志,利用仿生原理开发一种实用、低廉、便携导盲器材是帮助盲人的新的技术手段。本文基于国家自然科学基金研究(编号：60772004),针对目前超声波导盲器材提供的信息量少、价格昂贵等问题,提出了一种新型的仿蝙蝠声纳导盲仪,该导盲仪吸收了蝙蝠声纳的优点,对物体的距离、方位、大小、形状等均有较好的体现。本文分析了蝙蝠声纳的基本特征,论证并设计了以DSP为核心、双通道采集、立体声输出方案,制作原理样机并开展了相关试验。首先,在分析蝙蝠声纳脉冲特点的基础上,模拟蝙蝠声纳脉冲的基本形式,设计了恒频(CF)和调频(FM)两种探测波源；然后针对回波信号降频输出的问题,提出了等比例降频方法,并使用信号重构的方法解决了等比例降频方法中有效信号频率集中、播放时间短两个关键问题,保留了有效信号的幅值变化,提高了不同物体的回波信号特征的区分度；此外,还设计并制作了声纳导盲仪的全套软硬件,包括回波信号发射接收模块、DSP主控模块、音频DA输出模块、电源模块、波源数据产生与输出程序、双路回波信号采集程序、音频信号输出程序、信号重构算法程序、键盘功能程序等。本论文设计制作的声纳导盲仪经测试表明：信噪比较高、探测距离可达8m、探测广角约为34°、探测物体分辨度可达1.5cm。与现有装置最大的区别是该装置对物体的距离、方位、形状等特征均有较好的复现能力,具备了较好的导盲潜力。由于本研究处于该研究领域的前沿,其研究结果对导盲技术和生物声纳技术研究具有参考意义。
[Abstract]:Caring for and helping the blind is an important symbol of the progress of social civilization. Using the bionic principle to develop a practical, cheap and portable blind guide device is a new technical means to help the blind. Based on the research of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60772004), aiming at the problems of less information and high price provided by ultrasonic blind guide equipment, a new type of bat Sonar guide blind instrument is proposed in this paper. The guide blind instrument absorbs the advantages of bat Sonar and embodies the distance, azimuth, size and shape of the object. In this paper, the basic characteristics of bat Sonar are analyzed, and the two-channel acquisition, stereo output scheme with DSP as the core is demonstrated and designed, the prototype is made and the related experiments are carried out. Firstly, based on the analysis of the characteristics of bat Sonar pulse, the basic form of bat Sonar pulse is simulated, and two kinds of detection wave sources, constant frequency (CF) and frequency modulation (FM), are designed. Then, aiming at the problem of frequency reduction output of echo signal, the equal proportion frequency reduction method is proposed, and the method of signal reconstruction is used to solve the two key problems of effective signal frequency concentration and short playback time in equal proportion frequency reduction method. The amplitude change of the effective signal is retained, and the discrimination of the echo signal characteristics of different objects is improved. In addition, the whole set of software and hardware of Sonar guide blind instrument is designed and manufactured, including echo signal transmitting and receiving module, DSP main control module, audio DA output module, power supply module, wave source data generation and output program, dual echo signal acquisition program. Audio signal output program, signal reconstruction algorithm program, keyboard function program and so on. The Sonar guide blind instrument designed and fabricated in this paper shows that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is high, the detection distance can reach 8m, the detection wide angle is about 34 掳, and the resolution of the detected object can reach 1.5 cm. The biggest difference between the device and the existing device is that the device has good repetition ability to the distance, azimuth, shape and other characteristics of the object, and has a good blind guidance potential. Because this study is in the forefront of this research field, its research results have reference significance for blind guidance technology and biological Sonar technology.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH789

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