云南省墨江县中学生近视患病率和影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 07:32

本文选题：近视 + 屈光不正　；参考：《昆明医科大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：[目的]通过对墨江县中学生眼部疾病、屈光状态及相关影响因素进行调查,了解中学生用眼卫生,筛选影响近视发生、发展的危险因素,探索近视防治的有效方法。[方法]对墨江县内十五所中学进行随机选择,抽出其中十所学校,以初中一年级学生为研究对象,采取普查的方式进行调查问卷填写,及身高、体重、腰围、血压、视力、验光、眼压测量、外眼和眼前节检查、散瞳、眼底检查、眼底照相、len-star的检查,并对各数据进行统计学分析。[结果]1、纳入调查人数为2385人,实际检录人数为2346人,受检率为98%。男性1209人,占总人数51.53%,女性1137人,占总人数48.47%。各疾病构成比:正常学生为53.5%,屈光不正41.7%,近视学生30.4%,散光学生20.0%(近视散光及远视散光),远视学生1.2%,斜视0.4%,弱视1.4%,其它3.0%(其它眼疾包括:结膜炎、角膜炎、角膜混浊、白内障、视网膜疾病、其它不明原因疾病等2、患病率统计:不患病人数为55.2%,屈光不正患病率为43.0%,近视患病率31.4%,散光(包括近视散光和远视散光)患病率20.6%,远视患病率1.2%,斜视0.4%,弱视1.4%。屈光不正中以近视性屈光不正为主。近视的患病率为31.4%,其中男性患病率为24.5%,女性患病率为38.7%,男性与女性在近视患病率上差别有统计学意义(P=0.0000.001)3、彝族近视率为40.1%,汉族近视率为37.9%,哈尼族近视率为27.2%,其它民族为36.2%。各民族近视率存在统计学差异(P=0.0000.001)4、调查发现:近视组学生相对非近视组学生,学习压力大、学习成绩好、不良用眼习惯多、每次用眼持续时间和每晚写作业时间长、日常用电脑时间长、课间户外活动时间短、体重超重、使用台灯学习两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);偏食与否在近视患病率上无统计学差异(P=0.3570.05),而近视组中存在未及时矫正的学生,看不清黑板的人数明显高于非近视组,两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.0000.001)。5、在室外午休近视患病率小于在室内午休的近视患病率(P0.01)。近视学生睡午觉的频率小于非近视学生两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。6、近视与否对子女近视患病率有所影响,两组间无统计学差异(P0.05),随父母受教育程度的增高,子女近视患病率随之增高,两组间有统计学差异(P0.001),父母的职业与子女近视患病率相关:教师、医师、科研人员行政干部(官员)工人农民,(P0.001)。7、近视危险因素综合分析结果显示:OR1:放学后写作业时间、父母文化程度高。OR1:学习成绩、放学后写作业时间、课间活动做什么、周末、节假日平均每天用电脑时间、坐位上能否看清黑板、午休在室内还是在室外、午休是否睡午觉。[结论]1、此次墨江县中学生调查发现近视患病率低于国内其它地区,女生患病率明显高于男生,各民族患病率有明显差异:彝族汉族其它民族哈尼族。近距离用眼时间长增加了近视患病率。2、墨江县中学生近视的危险因素为:父亲文化程度高、母亲文化程度高、课后写作业时间长,近视的保护因素为:学习成绩差,坐位上能看清黑板、课后学习时间短,课间参加户外活动多,用电脑时间少,午休时睡午觉及进行户外活动。
[Abstract]:Objective : To investigate the risk factors of eye diseases , refractive status and related influencing factors of middle school students in Mojiang County , and to find out the effective methods of prevention and treatment of myopia . The method of this paper is to select ten schools randomly , to take out ten of them , to take the first grade students as the research objects , to take the survey form to fill out the questionnaire , and to examine the height , weight , waist circumference , blood pressure , vision , optometry , intraocular pressure measurement , external eye and anterior segment examination , mydriasis , fundus examination , fundus photography , len - star examination , and to analyze the data . The prevalence rate of myopia was 55.2 % , the incidence rate of astigmatism was 43.7 % , the myopia rate was 35.4 % , the incidence of astigmatism ( including myopic astigmatism and hyperopia astigmatism ) was 33.4 % , the incidence of astigmatism ( including myopic astigmatism and hyperopia astigmatism ) was 33.4 % , the incidence of astigmatism ( including myopic astigmatism and hyperopia astigmatism ) was 49.1 % , the myopia rate of Han nationality was 37.9 % , and the myopia rate of the Han nationality was 27 . 2 % . There was no statistical difference between the two groups ( P = 0 . 3570 . 05 ) . There was no statistical difference between the two groups ( P = 0 . 3570.05 ) . Conclusion : The prevalence of myopia among middle school students in Mojiang County is lower than that in other parts of the country . The prevalence of myopia is obviously higher than that of male students . The risk factors of myopia among middle school students in Mojiang County are as follows : the father ' s cultural degree is high , the mother ' s culture is high , the post - school learning time is short , the students take part in outdoor activities , use computer time less , nap at noon and carry out outdoor activities .

【学位授予单位】：昆明医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R778.11

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