糖尿病视网膜病变患眼玻璃体视盘牵拉综合征的临床特征、对视功能的影响及玻璃体切割手术的疗效观察
发布时间:2018-05-07 05:19
本文选题:糖尿病视网膜病变 + 玻璃体视盘牵拉综合征 ; 参考:《河北医科大学》2012年硕士论文
【摘要】:目的:观察糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)患眼中玻璃体视盘牵拉(vitreopapillary traction,VPT)的临床特征、发生机制及对视功能的影响,评估经睫状体扁平部玻璃体切割手术(pars plan vitrectomy,PPV)治疗PDR患眼VPT的效果以指导临床工作者对其诊疗。 方法:38例患者42只眼纳入研究。所有纳入研究的VPT患者分别做以下检查:最佳矫正视力(best-corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、眼压(intraocular pressure,IOP)、裂隙灯前节检查、双目间接检眼镜眼底检查、荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)、光相干断层扫描(Optical Coherence Tomography,OCT)、视觉诱发电位(Visual evokedpotentials,VEP)及视野检查。分析时,以31例患者的对侧无VPT眼作为对照组,对比分析患眼的图像特征及BCVA、VEP和视野的改变。对符合手术标准的16例VPT患者18只眼行PPV,手术中剥除增殖膜并行全视网膜光凝术(Panretinal photocoagulation,PRP),根据患者情况术后采用气体或者硅油填充,晶状体混浊者同时行超声乳化手术联合PPV。手术后1、3、6个月进行随访,采用手术前相同的仪器设备行相关检查,对比分析手术前后盘沿视网膜厚度、视盘渗漏、BCVA、VEP、视野改变情况。 结果: 1. VPT在间接眼底镜、FFA及OCT下的临床特征: 1.1经散瞳眼底镜检查视盘可表现为:1).视盘无任何改变2).视盘区域性边缘不清,轻度隆起,多位于视盘鼻侧及视盘上、下方3).视盘边界不清,充血隆起。 1.2FFA视盘可表现为:1)视盘无异常荧光2)视盘水肿,表面毛细血管扩张渗漏晚期呈高荧光,,可分为限局性水肿、弥漫性水肿3)视盘新生血管(neovascularization of the disc, NVD),早期显影随后荧光素渗漏晚期呈强荧光4)视盘增殖膜,呈遮蔽荧光或荧光着染。 1.3OCT显示所有患者视盘隆起最高点有线性高反射信号附着并伸入玻璃体腔,生理凹陷变窄或消失,可同时合并盘周视网膜浆液性脱离、黄斑水肿或黄斑牵拉移位。 2.结合FFA及OCT将VPT分3类:(1)单纯不全玻璃体后脱离型7只眼,占16.67%(2)不全玻璃体后脱离伴NVD型13只眼,占30.95%(3)视盘增殖膜型22只眼,占52.88%。 3. VPT对视功能的影响: 42只VPT患眼BCVA为0.70±0.38明显低于对照组0.36±0.14(P㩳0.01),其中BCVA0.1者5只眼,占11.90%;BCVA≥0.1,但0.3者20只眼,占47.62%;BCVA≥0.3者17只眼,占40.48%。VEP异常率为61.90%,其中5只眼接受F-VEP均显示各波潜伏期均中度延长,37只眼接受P-VEP显示P100潜伏期为(121.90±10.43)ms、振幅为(4.50±2.04)μv,对照组P100潜伏期为(104.00±5.06)ms、振幅为(7.29±3.06)μv,两者相比差异有显著统计学意义(P㩳0.01),VPT患眼P100潜伏期明显延长、振幅明显降低。视野检查显示有生理盲点扩大或视野向心性缩小者26只眼,占61.90%。OCT测量VPT患眼盘沿视网膜厚度为(544.70±183.71)μm与对照组同一位置盘沿视网膜厚度(260.35±43.87)μm明显增厚(P㩳0.01)。 4. PPV的临床疗效: BCVA由手术前的0.89±0.30提高为手术后6个月时的0.50±0.34,其中BCVA提高者16只眼,占88.89%,BCVA稳定者2只眼,占11.11%。手术前后差异有显著统计学意义(P㩳0.01)。18只患眼中16只眼接受P-VEP,2只眼接受F-VEP。 P-VEP检查P100潜伏期由手术前的(131.90±10.43)ms缩短为手术后6个月(103.53±5.61)ms,振幅由手术前的(3.60±0.94))μv提高到手术后6个月(6.32±2.24)μv,手术前后两者差异均具有显著统计学意义(P㩳0.01);2只眼F-VEP结果显示各波潜伏期均轻度延长。OCT测量盘沿视网膜厚度手术前为(577±159.67)μm,手术后6个月时为(312.67±65.19)μm,手术后盘沿视网膜厚度明显下降(P㩳0.01)。手术后1、3、6个月BCVA、VEPP100潜伏期、振幅、盘沿视网膜厚度的变化组间进行比较,除3个月与6个月变化无统计意义(P㧐0.05),余差异均有统计学意义(P㩳0.05); 视野检查手术后生理盲点扩大改善者3只眼,余多数患眼出现视野向心性缩小或视野周边暗点。 手术后所有患者OCT显示手术后视盘牵拉解除,视神经纤维贴附,视盘生理凹陷形态逐渐恢复。FFA显示视盘边界清晰,视盘渗漏消失且未见视盘低荧光。 结论: 1. VPT在PDR中并不少见,FFA和OCT联合应用可确诊VPT的存在,并对其手术疗效进行评估。 2. VPT导致视神经纤维及视盘滋养血管睫状后动脉的正常解剖结构和功能改变而损害视功能。 3. PPV手术能彻底解除视盘的牵拉,使视神经形态恢复及视功能改善,避免长期的VPT导致不可逆的视神经萎缩。 4.虽然VPT存在的时间和强度与视功能损害程度之间的关系仍需进一步的研究,但是主张早期行PPV手术。
[Abstract]:Objective: To observe the clinical features, mechanism and effect of vitreous disc distraction (vitreopapillary traction, VPT) in the eyes of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and evaluate the effect of the vitrectomy (pars plan vitrectomy, PPV) on PDR ophthalmic VPT, to guide the clinical work. The person has a diagnosis and treatment.
Methods: 42 eyes of 38 patients were included in the study. All the VPT patients enrolled in the study were examined for the best corrected visual acuity (best-corrected visual acuity, BCVA), intraocular pressure (intraocular pressure, IOP), slit lamp anterior segment examination, binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy fundus examination, fluorescein angiography (fundus fluorescein angiography, FF) A), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), visual evoked potential (Visual evokedpotentials, VEP) and visual field examination. In analysis, 31 patients with contralateral non VPT eyes were used as control group. The image characteristics of the affected eyes and BCVA, VEP and visual field were compared and analyzed. 18 eyes of 16 cases of VPT patients who were in accordance with the standard of operation were performed. During the operation, the proliferating membrane and Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) were removed and the patients were filled with gas or silicone oil after operation. The phaco phacoemulsification combined with PPV. surgery was followed up for 1,3,6 months after the operation, and the related examination was performed before the operation with the same instrument, and the comparison and analysis were made before the operation. Thickness of posterior retina, retinal leakage, BCVA, VEP and visual field changes.
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