长沙市中小学生变应性鼻炎流行情况调查及影响因素

发布时间：2018-05-16 23:22

本文选题：中小学生 + 变应性鼻炎　；参考：《中南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis),又叫过敏性鼻炎。属于一种鼻黏膜慢性炎症反应性疾病,由IgE介导,涉及到多种不同的免疫活性细胞以及细胞因子。当前,社会在不断进步,经济发展较为迅速,多种变态反应性疾病出现增加的趋势。近几十年中,人群中患有变应性鼻炎的比例增长迅速,全世界的平均数值在10-20%之间,发达国家及地区,患病率更高,最高可达40%。变应性鼻炎的影响因素较多,可能与生活方式、饮食习惯、交叉传染、周边环境、基因遗传等有关。目的通过流行病学调查,试图了解长沙市中小学生变应性鼻炎患病率,分析与变应性鼻炎发病的相关因素,探索变应性鼻炎对中小学生生活质量的影响程度,为疾病的干预和控制提供科学依据。方法 2011年7月至2012年4月,通过对长沙市中小学10-17岁学生进行体格检查,使用疾病问卷调查表,生活质量量表对学生进行问卷调查,结合皮肤点刺实验确定10-17岁学生群体的变应性鼻炎的患病率及相关因素。采用两套调查方案：1)通过分层抽样以及两阶段抽样法对7023名学生完成数据的采集,再抽样进行临床诊断；2)整群随机抽样调查,对长沙市4所学校10-17岁的814例学生均进行皮肤点刺实验,通过临床表现及检查进行确诊。结果 1、长沙市中小学生患病率 (1)通过分层抽样调查结果显示,7023名10-17岁学生的有效问卷为6407例,应答率是91.2%,“自报变应性鼻炎患病率”为44.6%(2857/6407)；第二阶段抽样调查及临床诊断的结果显示,1212名学生中,确诊变应性鼻炎249例,其患病率为20.5%。 (2)应用整群抽样调查方案对814例10-17岁学生进行调查研究的结果显示,变应性个体发生率为26.3%(214/814),确诊变应性鼻炎140例,变应性鼻炎的患病率为17.2%(140/814)。 2、长沙市中小学生变应性鼻炎主要变应原是尘螨,占97.1%。 3、数据显示,影响变应性鼻炎的主要因素为生活环境、生活习惯、基因遗传以及哮喘等。 4、变应性鼻炎对学生的性格、记忆力、睡眠质量等方面有显著的影响。结论明确了目前长沙市中小学10-17岁学生变应性鼻炎患病率约为17-20%；变应性鼻炎的发病与环境、遗传、生活方式有关,且对学生的性格、记忆力、睡眠质量有显著影响。
[Abstract]:allergic rhinitis ( allergic rhinitis ) , also called allergic rhinitis , belongs to a chronic inflammatory reaction disease of the nasal mucosa , is mediated by IgE , and relates to a plurality of different immune active cells and cytokines .

In recent decades , the proportion of allergic rhinitis in the population increases rapidly , the average value of the whole world is between 10 and 20 % , the prevalence rate of the developed countries and regions is higher , the highest is up to 40 % . The influencing factors of allergic rhinitis are many , which may be related to lifestyle , eating habits , cross infection , peripheral environment , gene inheritance and so on .

Purpose

Through epidemiological investigation , the author tried to know the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in primary and middle school students in Changsha , analyzed the factors related to allergic rhinitis , explored the influence degree of allergic rhinitis on the quality of life of primary and middle school students , and provided scientific basis for the intervention and control of diseases .

method

From July 2011 to April 2012 , the prevalence and related factors of allergic rhinitis of students aged 10 - 17 were investigated by physical examination of 10 - 17 year - old students from primary and secondary schools in Changsha .
2 ) All 814 students from 10 to 17 years of age in Changsha , Changsha , were investigated by random sampling , and confirmed by clinical manifestation and examination .

Results

1 . Prevalence of primary and secondary students in Changsha

( 1 ) The results of stratified sampling showed that the effective questionnaires of 7023 students aged 10 - 17 were 6407 , 91.2 % and 44.6 % ( 2857 / 6407 ) .
The results of second - stage sampling survey and clinical diagnosis showed that 249 cases of allergic rhinitis were diagnosed in 1212 students , and the prevalence rate was 20.5 % .

( 2 ) The results showed that the incidence of allergic rhinitis was 26 . 3 % ( 214 / 814 ) , 140 with allergic rhinitis and 17.2 % ( 140 / 814 ) .

2 . The main allergens of allergic rhinitis in Changsha city were dust mites , accounting for 97.1 % .

3 . Data show that the main factors affecting allergic rhinitis are living environment , living habits , gene inheritance and asthma .

4 . allergic rhinitis has significant influence on personality , memory and sleep quality of students .

Conclusion

It is clear that the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in primary and secondary schools in Changsha is about 17 - 20 % .
The pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis is related to environment , inheritance and lifestyle , and has significant influence on the character , memory and sleep quality of students .
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R765.21

【参考文献】