学龄后功能性构音障碍患者辅音的语音特点及语音训练

发布时间：2018-06-22 18:11

本文选题：功能性构音障碍 + 语音特点　；参考：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的分析学龄后功能性构音障碍(Functional articulation disorders,FAD)患者辅音的语音特点,并探讨适于学龄后各发育阶段FAD患者的语音训练方法,为临床语音训练提供指导和依据。方法收集2015年10月~2016年12月就诊于郑州大学第一附属医院语音治疗科的学龄后FAD患者300例,其中男228例,女72例,男女比例为3.2:1,年龄7~26岁,平均(12.78±5.79)岁,采用计算机语音工作站(Computer Speech Lab,CSL)按照华西口腔医院语音清晰度测试表对300例患者进行语音评估,分析患者异常辅音的临床特点;按照汉语语音清晰度测试表对符合入选标准的80例患者,在语音训练前后分别录音,计算训练前后的语音清晰度值,评价语音训练效果,采用SPSS17.0统计软件进行统计学处理,临床研究一为描述性研究,研究二的实验设计类型为自身配对设计,对患者语音训练效果进行配对t检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果300例FAD患者中学龄期、青春期和成年期患者分别有166例、72例、62例,所占比例依次为55.3%、24.0%及20.7%,三组例数比为2.7:1.2:1。各组异常辅音主要表现为舌尖后音、舌尖前音、舌尖中音异常,且均以舌尖后音错误比例最高,依次为90.3%、93.4%、93.5%,双唇音错误比例最低,依次为35.5%、13.9%、9.7%。辅音错误类型主要为置换、脱落、扭曲及侧化,随年龄增长,置换和脱落所占比例依次递减,以学龄期比例最高,分别为90.4%(150/166)和58.4%(97/166),扭曲和侧化所占比例依次递增,以成年期比例最高,分别为56.5%(35/62)和40.3%(25/62)。各组错误比例最高的构音错误形式依次为/l/音脱落45.2%(75/166)、舌尖后音扭曲48.6%(35/72)和舌尖后音扭曲35.5%(22/62)。80例FAD患者语音清晰度值由训练前的(48.69±11.66)提高到训练后的(90.69±3.14),语音清晰度明显提高,差异具有统计学意义(t=29.489,P0.001)。各组语音训练前后语音清晰度值比较,差异均具有统计学意义(t值依次为17.786、17.692、15.216,P值均0.001),组间比较,差异无统计学意义(H=0.380,P=0.827),熟练掌握目标错误辅音所需时长比较,差异有统计学意义(H=43.897,P0.001)。结论学龄后FAD患者辅音的语音特点主要表现为舌尖音异常;辅音错误类型主要为扭曲、置换、脱落和侧化;不同发育阶段患者,各有其特异性表现;年龄越大,语音矫正难度越大;应根据学龄后各发育阶段FAD患者个性化的语音特点,实施针对性的语音训练方法。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the phonological characteristics of the consonants in the patients with functional articulation disorders (fad), and to explore the methods of speech training for the patients with fad at different developmental stages after school age, so as to provide guidance and basis for clinical phonetic training. Methods from October 2015 to December 2016, 300 postschool fad patients, including 228 males and 72 females, who were admitted to the Department of phonological Therapy of the first affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, were collected. The ratio of males to females was 3.2: 1. The average age was (12.78 卤5.79) years old. 300 patients were evaluated by computer speech Lab CSL (computer speech Lab CSL) according to the speech intelligibility test table of West China Oral Hospital, and the clinical characteristics of abnormal consonants were analyzed. According to the Chinese speech intelligibility test table, 80 patients who met the inclusion criteria were recorded before and after speech training, the speech clarity values were calculated before and after training, the effect of speech training was evaluated, and the statistical software SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical processing. The first is descriptive study, and the other is self-matched design. The effect of phonetic training on patients is tested by paired t test, and the test level is 伪 0.05. Results among the 300 patients with fad, there were 166 cases with 72 cases of Fad in middle school, 72 cases in adolescence and 62 cases in adulthood. The proportion of them was 55.3R 24.0% and 20.7% respectively, and the ratio of the three groups was 2.7: 1.2: 1. The abnormal consonants in each group were mainly abnormal after the tip of the tongue, the anterior tone of the tip of the tongue, the middle tone of the tip of the tongue, and the highest proportion of the errors in the tone of the back of the tongue, 90.3% of which were 90.3% and 93.4% and 93.5%, respectively, and the lowest proportion of the double lip sounds was 35.5and 13.9% and 9.7% respectively. The main types of consonant errors were replacement, shedding, distortion and lateralization. The proportion of replacement and abscission decreased with age, and the proportion of replacement and abscission was the highest in school age (90.4% (150 / 166) and 58.4% (97 / 166), respectively. The proportion of distortion and lateralization increased in turn. The highest percentage of adults was 56.5% (35 / 62) and 40.3% (25 / 62) respectively. The highest percentage of errors in each group were as follows: 45.2% (75 / 166), 48.6% (35 / 72) and 35.5% (22 / 62), respectively. The phonetic articulation of 80 FAD patients increased from (48.69 卤11.66) to (90.69 卤3.14) after training. The difference was statistically significant (t = 29.489, P 0.001). Before and after speech training, the differences were statistically significant (t = 17.786 卤17.692n 15.216p, P = 0.001), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.380), and the difference was statistically significant (H43.897P0.001), and the time required for mastering the wrong consonant was significant (H43.897P0.001). Conclusion the phonological features of consonants in school age FAD patients are mainly abnormal tongue tip, consonant error types are distortion, replacement, abscission and lateralization, the patients with different developmental stages have their own specific features, and the older the age, the more specific the consonants are. The more difficult the speech correction is, the more specific phonetic training methods should be carried out according to the individual phonological characteristics of the fad patients in each developmental stage after school age.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R767.92

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