乌鲁木齐市2010年～2011年腹泻症候群病例监测分析

发布时间：2018-05-22 18:14

  本文选题：乌鲁木齐 + 腹泻　； 参考：《新疆医科大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的通过2010年7月～2011年6月对两家哨点医院的监测初步获得乌鲁木齐腹泻症候群病人流行病学特征和腹泻病原谱；探讨当前可能引起腹泻的主要病原微生物,为今后的监测工作和疾病的防治提供一定的科学依据。方法选取新疆医科大学第1附属医院和乌鲁木齐市友谊医院两家哨点医院,对2010年7月～2011年6月问在其监测门诊就诊的腹泻病例进行流行病学资料的收集及腹泻标本的采集,由自治区疾控中心实验室对收集的标本进行相应病毒和细菌的病原学检测。结果通过监测收集病例标本199例。对资料进行分析,此次研究的腹泻病例是以婴幼儿为主,50%的病例小于1岁,3岁以下的病例有122例,占全部病例的61.3%。腹泻病例的就诊时间主要是在夏秋季,腹泻病例最多的是2011年6月的52例,占199个病例的26.1%。腹泻病例从发病后较多的在3天内就诊,80%的腹泻病例无呕吐症状,大便性状以水样便为主,就诊前次数多为3-6次／日。199份标本中检出病原的有178份,检出率为89.45%,共检出9种病毒和细菌。检出的病原微生物居前三位的是致泻性大肠杆菌、A组轮状病毒和杯状病毒,分别检出68份、48份和34份。各年龄组及监测期各月均有病原检出。病毒中检出最多的是A组轮状病毒有48份,主要集中在≤2岁年龄组。细菌的检测中,致泻性大肠杆菌在各年龄组中的检出占绝对的优势。结论通过监测发现,这次监测到的腹泻病例是以婴幼儿为主,认为与婴幼儿免疫系统发育不完善有一定关系,同时与引起婴幼儿腹泻的因素较多,较易发病,症状重,且发病后就诊比例高有关。病例的就诊时间主要是在夏秋季,符合腹泻高发于夏秋季的规律,这于高温季节适合病原菌的繁殖,苍蝇的孳生对病原的传播导致食物变质,水源污染有关,应在腹泻高发季节加强对易感人群的宣传教育。检出的病原微生物中居前三位的是致泻性大肠杆菌、A组轮状病毒和杯状病毒。A组轮状病毒主要发病于2岁以内的儿童,杯状病毒在各年龄段均能检出,在成人检出率超过A组轮状病毒。在各年龄组的细菌检出中,致泻性大肠杆菌均为优势菌,志贺菌仅在夏季检出,多发于小年龄段。在今后的监测工作中应密切关注腹泻发病率高的小年龄段人群,同时也应增加对成人病毒性腹泻的监测,应进一步扩大监测病原种类,在夏秋季监测的基础上还应加强对秋冬季腹泻病的监测。
[Abstract]:Objective to obtain the epidemiological characteristics and pathogeny of diarrhea in Urumqi from July 2010 to June 2011 in two sentinel hospitals, and to explore the main pathogenic microorganisms that may cause diarrhea at present. It provides a scientific basis for future surveillance and disease prevention. Methods two sentinel hospitals, the first affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and the Friendship Hospital of Urumqi City, were selected to collect epidemiological data and collect samples of diarrhea from July 2010 to June 2011. The collected specimens were examined by the laboratory of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the Autonomous region for the etiology of the corresponding viruses and bacteria. Results 199 cases were collected by monitoring. Analysis of the data showed that 50% of the cases were infantile diarrhea cases less than 1 year old or less than 3 years old in 122 cases, accounting for 61.3% of the total cases. The treatment time of diarrhea cases was mainly in summer and autumn. The most diarrhea cases were 52 cases in June 2011, accounting for 26.1% of 199 cases. 80% of the diarrhea cases had no vomiting symptoms in 3 days after the onset of the disease, and the fecal traits were mainly water stool, and 178 of them were found to be pathogenic in 3 ~ 6 / d. 199 samples before treatment. The detection rate was 89.45%, and 9 kinds of viruses and bacteria were detected. Rotavirus group A and calix virus of group A were the first three pathogenic microorganisms, and 48 and 34 samples were detected, respectively. Pathogens were detected in all age groups and in each month of the monitoring period. Among them, 48 strains of group A rotavirus were detected, mainly in the age group 鈮，

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