鲁西地区高职女生营养知信行与BMI相关性调查研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 15:21

本文选题：高职女生 + 营养知信行　；参考：《山东大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的调查鲁西地区高职女生对营养知识的掌握程度及营养知识的态度,了解调查对象日常行为习惯情况,依据体检指标中的身高与体重计算体质指数(BMI),对调查对象营养知信行与BMI之间的相关性进行分析,以此为促进我国女大学生身体健康提供相关的基础科学依据,同时为完善鲁西地区大学生营养情况资料库尽一份力。方法采用整群抽样的方法抽取聊城职业技术学院大一39个班级的女生,一共795人,发放795份调查问卷,回收795份,回收率达到100%,整理清查时剔除64份无效问卷,最终获得数据731份,有效率92.0%,以此作为研究对象。对研究对象进行问卷调查,即自行设计《关于大学生身体健康状况及饮食习惯生活方式调查问卷》,内容包括家庭基本情况(父母学历、父母是否懂得营养知识、父母是否有不良饮食行为和不良生活习惯、家庭收入情况、月均花销等)和营养知信行情况(营养知识、营养态度、行为习惯)。其中,“行为习惯”包括饮食行为(是否常吃早餐、是否常吃隔夜食物、是否常吃零食等)和生活习惯(是否经常运动、吸烟饮酒情况、是否熬夜或通宵、是否购买和食用工业产品等)。设计好调查问卷后,先进行小范围的预调查,再在导师帮助下反复论证修改问卷。为保证问卷质量和回收率,问卷采用当场发放、匿名填写、当场回收的方式,笔者全程参与。学生身高和体重数据源于校医院对新生的入学体检资料,用体质指数(BMI)评价学生营养状况。整理好问卷和体检数据后,研究者用Epidata3.1软件录入问卷信息,用excel表格记录体检数据,最终建立SPSS数据库。整理好问卷和体检数据后,研究者用Epidata3.1软件录入问卷信息,用excel表格记录体检数据,最终建立SPSS数据库。不同家庭背景因素的营养知信行得分之间的比较,不同营养知识掌握情况的营养态度得分比较,不同饮食行为情况的营养知识、态度得分比较,不同生活习惯的营养知识、营养态度、饮食行为得分比较,营养知信行得分情况的BMI值的比较,BMI不同区间的营养知信行得分情况比较均用t检验或F检验；营养知信行得分之间的相关性分析用Pearson相关分析；不同家庭背景因素、营养知信行不同BMI区间构成比的差异比较则采用x2检验和Fisher确切概率法；多因素分析纳入单因素有统计学意义的变量,选用非条件logistic回归模型。本调查当中的统计学分析均由SPSS20.0软件包完成,而统计学检验均以P0.05计为具有统计学意义。结果1.营养知信行情况。营养知识平均分为8.47±2.42(总分20分),得分在及格线(12分)以下的占89.3%,及格线及以上的仅10.7%,无一人达到优秀(16分),父亲懂得营养知识、母亲文化程度较高、母亲无不良生活习惯的女生营养知识得分较高；营养态度平均分为15.90±3.91(总分21分),整体情况较好。女生最为关注的营养教育内容是“食物的合理搭配”,主要通过电视、报刊杂志、医学书籍来获取营养知识,父亲懂得营养学常识的女生营养态度更为积极;行为习惯分为饮食行为与生活习惯两部分,其中,饮食行为平均分为10.86±2.52(总分21分),整体情况较差。父亲学历较高、父母亲懂得营养学常识、父母亲均无不良饮食行为和生活习惯、饮食行为受到父母影响且家庭月均收入较高的女生饮食行为情况较好；生活习惯平均分为6.74±1.32(总分10分),整体情况较好。父亲无不良饮食行为、母亲无不良生活习惯、月均花销较高的女生生活习惯更好。研究对象的营养知识得分越高则营养态度越积极,同时,她们的行为习惯越好。2.研究对象BMI情况。被调查者平均身高为162.84±4.8(cm),平均体重为53.53±8.60(kg),均高于全国17-21岁女生身高与体重的平均水平；7成以上的被调查者身高在160cm到170cm之间,少数达到180cm及以上,表明鲁西地区女生骨骼发育情况良好;超过半数的女生体重在45kg到55kg之间,45kg以下者将近一成,少数达到95kg以上,表明鲁西地区部分女生存在营养不良者和营养过剩情况；女生中低体重和正常体重者较多。不吃早餐是低体重的危险因素,同时也是超重或肥胖的保护因素,而偏食是超重或肥胖的危险因素。3.将BMI按照标准分为低体重、正常体重、超重、肥胖这四个区间,结果显示：父亲学历不同、平均月花销不同的研究对象在不同BMI区间的构成比差异具有统计学意义,其他不同家庭背景者在不同BMI区间的构成比差异无统计学意义；营养知识掌握较好者与较差者之间在不同BMI区间的构成比差异无统计学意义,但是,营养知识得分较高者与较低者的BMI值比较,差异具有统计学意义,而不同BMI区间的营养知识得分之间比较,差异无统计学意义；积极向周围人传播营养知识者和不积极向周围人传播营养知识者在不同BMI区间的构成比差异具有统计学意义,其他营养态度较好者与较差者在不同BMI区间的构成比差异和这两组人群的BMI值差异均无统计学意义,不同BMI区间的营养态度得分之间比较,差异无统计学意义；“是否吃早餐”、“是否偏食”这两项饮食行为较好者与较差者之间在不同BMI区间的构成比差异具有统计学意义,其他饮食行为较好者与较差者在不同BMI区间的构成比差异和这两组人群的BMI值差异均无统计学意义,不同BMI区间的饮食行为得分之间比较,差异无统计学意义；生活习惯较好者与较差者在不同BMI区间的构成比差异和这两组人群的BMI值差异均无统计学意义,且不同BMI区间的生活习惯得分之间比较,差异无统计学意义。结论1.研究对象营养知识和饮食行为得分较低,而营养态度和生活习惯得分较高,她们的知信行均受到父母影响,且受母亲影响较深。2.营养知信行两两之间均呈正相关。3.研究对象中正常体重者和低体重者较多；不吃早餐容易造成低体重,偏食的女生更容易超重或发胖。4.不同BMI区间的营养知信行得分之间无显著差异,相较而言,营养知识得分较高女生比营养知识得分较低女生的BMI值更趋于正常。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the degree of mastery of nutrition knowledge and the attitude of nutrition knowledge for higher vocational girls in western Shandong Province, to understand the daily behavior habits of the respondents, to calculate the physical fitness index (BMI) according to the height and weight of the physical examination indexes, and to analyze the correlation between the nutrition information and the BMI of the respondents in order to promote the female college students in China. The basic scientific basis of physical health was provided. At the same time, a total of 795 students in the 39 classes of Liaocheng Vocational and Technical College were selected by cluster sampling. 795 questionnaires were issued and 795 were collected, the recovery rate was 100%, and 6 was eliminated. 4 invalid questionnaires were obtained, and the final data were 731 and the efficiency was 92%. A questionnaire survey was carried out on the subjects, that is, self design < about the health status of college students and the questionnaire of lifestyle habits. Good eating behavior and bad habits, family income, monthly expenses, etc. and nutrition knowledge and trust (nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitude, behavior habit). Among them, "behavior habits" include eating behavior (whether eating breakfast often, eating overnight food, eating snacks often, etc.) and living habits (often exercise, smoking and drinking. Whether to stay up late or all night, whether to buy and eat industrial products, etc.). After designing a survey questionnaire, the advanced survey was conducted in a small range, and the questionnaire was repeatedly demonstrated with the help of the tutor. In order to guarantee the quality and recovery of the questionnaire, the questionnaire was issued on the spot, anonymous filling, and the way of reclaim on the spot. The heavy data was derived from the physical examination data of the freshmen in the school hospital. The nutritional status of the students was evaluated by the body mass index (BMI). After sorting out the questionnaire and the physical examination data, the researchers recorded the questionnaire information with the Epidata3.1 software, recorded the physical data with the Excel form, and finally established the SPSS database. After adjusting the questionnaire and physical examination data, the researchers used Epidata3.1 soft. To record the questionnaire information, record the physical examination data with the EXCEL form, and finally establish the SPSS database. The comparison between the nutritional knowledge and letter scores of different family background factors, the comparison of the nutritional attitude score of different nutrition knowledge, the nutrition knowledge of different dietary behavior, the comparison of the attitude score, the nutrition knowledge of different living habits, camp The comparison of the BMI value of the score of nutrition knowledge and credit scores, the comparison of the score of the nutrition knowledge and credit lines in the different areas of BMI were all compared with the t test or the F test, and the correlation analysis between the scores of nutrition knowledge and credit lines was analyzed by the Pearson correlation analysis, and the difference in the ratio of the different BMI interval in the different family background factors and the nutritional knowledge lines was poor. X2 test and Fisher exact probability method were used for the comparison, and the multivariate analysis was included in the single factor statistically significant variables and the non conditional logistic regression model was selected. The statistical analysis in this survey were all completed by the SPSS20.0 software package, and the statistical test was statistically significant with P0.05. 1. The average nutrition knowledge was divided into 8.47 + 2.42 (total score 20), the score below the passing line (12 points) accounted for 89.3%, the passing line and the above were only 10.7%, no one reached excellent (16 points), the father knew nutrition knowledge, the mother had higher education level, the mother had higher nutrition knowledge with no bad living habits, and the nutrition attitude was 15.90 + 3.91. A total of 21 points), the overall situation is better. The content of nutrition education that girls most concerns is "the rational collocation of food", mainly through the television, newspapers and magazines, medical books to obtain nutrition knowledge, the Father knows the nutrition knowledge of nutrition attitude is more active; behavior habits are divided into two parts of eating behavior and living habits, among them, diet The average behavior was 10.86 + 2.52 (total score 21), the overall situation was poor. Father had a higher education, parents knew nutriology common sense, parents had no bad eating behavior and living habits, the diet behavior was affected by parents and families with higher monthly income were better. The average life habits were 6.74 + 1.32 (total score 10). The overall situation was better. The father had no bad diet behavior, the mother had no bad living habits, the higher female living habits were better. The higher the nutrition knowledge score of the research object, the more positive the nutrition attitude was, and the better their behavior habits, the better the.2. research object BMI situation. The average height of the respondents was 162.84 + 4.8 (CM), averaging the average height. The body weight was 53.53 + 8.60 (kg), which was higher than the average height and weight of 17-21 year old girls in the country. The height of the respondents was between 160cm and 170cm, and a few reached 180cm and above, indicating that the skeletal development of girls in western Shandong was good; more than half of the girls were between 45kg and 55kg, and almost 10% of the women under 45kg, a few of them, and a few of them. Up to 95kg, indicating that some girls in the western Shandong region have malnutrition and overnutrition; girls with low weight and normal weight. No breakfast is a risk factor for low weight, and it is also a protective factor for overweight or obesity, while partial food is a risk factor for overweight or obesity,.3. divides BMI into low weight according to standard. The four intervals of normal weight, overweight and obesity showed that the differences in the composition ratio of the research objects with the average monthly expenses in different BMI intervals were statistically significant, and the composition ratio of other family backgrounds in different BMI intervals was not statistically significant; There was no statistically significant difference in the composition ratio of the different BMI intervals, but the difference was statistically significant compared with the lower BMI values, but there was no statistical difference between the scores of nutrition knowledge in different BMI intervals. The constituent ratio of the knowledge-based in the different BMI interval has statistical significance. There is no significant difference in the constituent ratio of the other nutrition attitude and the poor person in the different BMI interval and the BMI value of the two groups, and the difference between the nutritional attitude scores of different BMI intervals is not statistically significant; "whether to eat breakfast", " Whether the two items of eating behavior were better than those of the poorer among the different BMI intervals, there was statistical significance. There was no significant difference in the composition ratio of other dietary behaviors and those of the poor in the different BMI interval and the difference in the BMI value of the two groups, and the comparison between the dietary behavior scores in different BMI intervals. There was no statistical significance. There was no significant difference in the composition ratio of the people with better living habits and the poor people in the different BMI interval and the BMI value of the two groups, and there was no statistical difference between the scores of life habits in different BMI intervals. Conclusion the score of nutrition knowledge and diet behavior in the 1. subjects was lower, and the nutrition was lower. The scores of attitudes and habits were higher, their parents were affected by their parents, and their mother's influence on the deep.2. nutrition knowledge line 22 was positively correlated with normal weight and low weight subjects in.3. research subjects; no breakfast was easy to cause low weight, and the girls of partial diet were more likely to be overweight or fat.4. different BMI interval battalions. There was no significant difference in the scores of knowledge, belief and behavior. Compared with the score of nutrition knowledge, girls scored lower than their nutritional knowledge score, and the BMI value of female students tended to be normal.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R151.42

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