火车司机高血压现况及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 11:41

本文选题：火车司机 + 高血压　；参考：《昆明医科大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的通过问卷调查和体格检查昆明铁路局火车司机,了解火车司机高血压的现况,分析高血压与职业因素的关系并找出高血压的影响因素,提出针对性措施,有效减少和控制高血压有害因素,达到降低火车司机高血压患病率,减少心血管疾病的发生,提高火车司机的职业生命质量的目的。方法本研究为横断面研究。以2012年6月一2012年8月昆明铁路局火车段在岗职工为研究对象,采用普查方法对火车司机进行问卷调查和体格检查。同时结合定性访谈方法了解火车司机的主观想法。最后应用Epidata和Excel录入相应资料,导入SPSS进行数据分析。结果 1.人口学特征：本次研究共调查1967人,全为男性。其中火车司机平均年龄37.56±7.19岁,平均工龄18.25±7.87年,平均工作时间为67.00±18.14小时／周,汉族占80.90%,文化程度主要为高中或中专(63.75%),已婚占79.31%,正常体重人数居多(53.94%),61.62%电力机车司机,要轮班且需要上夜班人数较多(68.53%),70%高级工。 2.血压异常检出情况：火车司机血压检查人数1967人,高血压人数为485人,高血压检出率为24.70%。收缩压异常为245人,占12.46%,收缩压平均值为123.24±15.49mmHg。舒张压异常为360人,占18.30%,舒张压平均为80.47±12.30mmHg。 3.血压的影响因素：通过多因素logistic回归分析,进入回归方程(P0.05)的有职业倦怠(OR=1.09)、年龄(OR=1.09)、体质指数(OR=1.18)、腰围(OR=1.05)、婚姻状况(OR=1.41)、饮酒情况(OR=1.25)、工种(OR=1.56)、轮班(OR=1.77)、生活压力(OR=1.93)、工作压力(OR=4.58)。 4.血压影响因素的主成分分析：血压异常的影响因素57%以上的信息可以由前4个主成分解释,其中第一主成分是职业倦怠。结论火车司机高血压的影响因素中,对高血压影响程度最大的是职业倦怠,其次是体质指数、腰围,影响相对较小的是饮酒情况。火车司机对高血压相关知识的知晓情况一般。建议高血压的三级预防应结合高血压的影响因素,一级预防以缓解职业倦怠,关心疏导有职业紧张情绪的火车司机,建立工作场所有害因素监测及评价制度,高血压预防教育为主。二级预防以早发现、早诊断、早预防高血压为主。三级预防主要是对症治疗、康复治疗、预防并发症。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the present situation of train drivers' hypertension, analyze the relationship between hypertension and professional factors, find out the influencing factors of hypertension, and put forward some countermeasures through questionnaire investigation and physical examination of train drivers in Kunming Railway Bureau. In order to reduce the prevalence rate of hypertension, reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease and improve the professional quality of life of train drivers, the harmful factors of hypertension can be effectively reduced and controlled. Methods this study is a cross-sectional study. Taking the staff and workers in the railway section of Kunming Railway Bureau from June 2012 to August 2012 as the research object, the questionnaire survey and physical examination of train drivers were carried out with the method of general survey. At the same time, combined with qualitative interview method to understand the subjective thinking of train drivers. Finally, Epidata and Excel are used to input the corresponding data and import SPSS for data analysis. Result 1. Demographic characteristics: a total of 1967 people, all male, were investigated in this study. The average age of train drivers was 37.56 卤7.19 years, the average working age was 18.25 卤7.87 years, the average working time was 67.00 卤18.14 hours / week, the Han nationality accounted for 80.900.The education level was mainly high school or technical secondary school, 79.31% were married, 53.9442% of the normal weight drivers were electric locomotive drivers. The number of people on shift and night shift is 68.53% higher than 70% of senior workers. 2. Abnormal blood pressure detection: train driver blood pressure examination 1967 people, hypertension 485 people, hypertension detection rate is 24.70. The mean systolic blood pressure was 123.24 卤15.49mm Hg. Abnormal diastolic blood pressure was found in 360 patients (18.30%). The mean diastolic blood pressure was 80.47 卤12.30mm Hg. 3. Influencing factors of blood pressure: by multivariate logistic regression analysis, those who entered the regression equation (P0.05) included job burnout (OR1.09), age (OR1.09), body mass index (BMI) 1.18, waist circumference (OR1.05), marital status (OR1.25), type of work (OR1.56), shift work (OR1.77), life stress (OR1.93N), work stress (OR1.58). 4. Principal component analysis of influencing factors of blood pressure: more than 57% of the information of the influencing factors of abnormal blood pressure can be explained by the first four principal components, the first of which is job burnout. Conclusion among the factors affecting hypertension of train drivers, burnout is the most important factor, body mass index and waist circumference are the second, and alcohol consumption is the least. The knowledge of train drivers about hypertension was generally low. It is suggested that the tertiary prevention of hypertension should be combined with the influencing factors of hypertension, the first level prevention should be taken to alleviate job burnout, the train drivers who have occupational tension should be concerned about, and the monitoring and evaluation system of harmful factors in the workplace should be established. High blood pressure prevention education. Early detection, early diagnosis and early prevention of hypertension were the main prevention of secondary prevention. Three-level prevention is mainly symptomatic treatment, rehabilitation treatment, prevention of complications.
【学位授予单位】：昆明医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R135

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