幼儿园幼儿缺勤现状及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 20:28

  本文选题：幼儿 + 缺勤　； 参考：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究背景:幼儿期是幼儿身心全面发展的起步阶段,大脑神经处于快速生长和定型的关键时期,不断成熟的大脑皮层为幼儿的心理发展提供了有力的环境,这段时间幼儿更容易吸收和学习周围的事物,对幼儿思维和性格的成型起着重要的作用。近年来我国幼儿园幼儿缺勤现象非常普遍,关于降低幼儿园幼儿缺勤的问题引起了有关公共卫生专家、教育专家和研究学者的普遍关注。但从目前国内外研究状况来看,有关降低幼儿园幼儿缺勤率问题的研究尚处于起步阶段,能否采取有效的措施降低幼儿园幼儿缺勤问题,不仅关系到幼儿的身心健康成长,而且对其一生的健康将产生极为重要的影响。研究目的:本研究采用问卷调查的方法,了解幼儿园幼儿缺勤的现状;分析幼儿园幼儿缺勤相关的影响因素,从而为保障幼儿健康成长提供科学依据。研究方法:选取2015年9月至2015年10月期间幼儿园学习的幼儿(实际调查时间为38天),采用问卷调查法获取幼儿缺勤情况和相关信息的影响因素,因幼儿尚缺乏自行填写问卷的能力,由幼儿家长填写调查问卷,幼儿老师填写每日在园情况记录表。采用SPSS(19.0)软件进行统计学分析,计数资料的比较采用χ2检验。多因素分析采用logistic回归模型,调整性别、家庭类型和儿童户籍因素后,分析幼儿缺勤情况与相关因素的关联,显著性检验水准≤0.05。研究结果:本研究共纳入抽取270名在园幼儿家长及其老师作为研究对象,获得有效家长问卷270份,幼儿在园情况记录表10259份。1、影响幼儿缺勤的一般因素显示,独生子女是一个正相关因素,OR值为1.322,即独生子女较易发生缺勤;父亲、母亲文化程度的OR值分别为3.54和3.543,说明父母文化程度高可以减少幼儿缺勤事件的发生;有社区早教和入托经历的幼儿较少出现缺勤,OR值分别为0.442和0.421;此外,易生病幼儿发生缺勤事件概率是身体健康幼儿的1.672倍。2、影响幼儿缺勤的日常生活行为显示,幼儿的饮食习惯是缺勤事件发生的风险因素,偏食幼儿发生缺勤事件是不偏食及主动吃饭幼儿的3.284倍;不午休和不能主动排便的幼儿更易发生缺勤,两因素的OR值分别为2.190和1.253。3、影响幼儿缺勤的心理健康状况显示,幼儿气质类型与幼儿缺勤事件发生关联显著,任性、爱哭的幼儿发生缺勤事件的概率是开朗、活泼的幼儿发生缺勤事件的3.381倍;少与陌生人接触的幼儿和面对陌生人时胆小害怕的幼儿缺勤事情发生的风险较高,OR值分别为1.239和1.259。结论:目前幼儿园幼儿缺勤现象普遍存在,在影响幼儿缺勤的因素中,父母文化程度高的缺勤率较低;开朗活泼,乐观外向的幼儿不容易发生缺勤;此外偏食的幼儿缺勤率较高。因此父母有意识的提高自身的文化素养及注重培养孩子乐观开朗的性格和良好的饮食习惯,可以减少幼儿缺勤现象的发生,提高幼儿入园的适应性,从而促进幼儿身心健康。
[Abstract]:Background: early childhood is the initial stage of children's physical and mental comprehensive development. The brain nerve is in the key period of rapid growth and stereotype. The maturing cerebral cortex provides a powerful environment for the psychological development of children. It is easier for children to absorb and learn things around, and play an important role in the formation of children's thinking and personality. In recent years, the phenomenon of preschool absenteeism is very common in our country. The problem of reducing the absence of kindergarten children has aroused the general concern of public health experts, education experts and researchers. However, from the current research situation at home and abroad, the study on reducing the rate of absence of kindergarten children is still in its infancy. Whether we can take effective measures to reduce the problem of kindergarten children's absenteeism is not only related to the growth of children's physical and mental health. And the health of his life will have an extremely important impact. Objective: to investigate the present situation of kindergarten children absenteeism by questionnaire, and analyze the influencing factors of kindergarten children absenteeism, so as to provide scientific basis for ensuring children's healthy growth. Methods: the children who studied in kindergarten from September 2015 to October 2015 were selected (the actual investigation time was 38 days), and the influencing factors of children absenteeism and related information were obtained by questionnaire. Because young children still lack the ability to fill out the questionnaire, the parents fill out the questionnaire, and the teacher fills out the daily situation record form. SPSS 19.0) software was used for statistical analysis and 蠂 2 test was used to compare the count data. Logistic regression model was adopted in multivariate analysis. After adjusting gender, family type and children's household registration, the correlation between children absenteeism and related factors was analyzed, and the significant test level was 鈮，

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