上海市杨浦区居民营养与健康状况调查研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 08:26

本文选题：食物 + 营养素　；参考：《复旦大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：1 目的(1)了解杨浦区居民营养素和各类食物摄入状况,掌握居民膳食结构及其变化情况。(2)掌握杨浦区居民超重/肥胖、高血压、高血糖、血脂异常等相关慢性病患病水平。(3)探讨居民膳食、行为(包括吸烟、饮酒、锻炼)和生活方式(包括出行方式和时间、睡眠、做家务及静坐时间)与健康状况之间的关系。2方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2012年在杨浦区11个街道中随机抽取3个街道作为营养与健康状况调查的调查点,从中抽取103户的所有家庭成员为调查对象。对所有成员取得知情同意的情况下,进行面对面询问调查、医学体检、实验室检测和膳食调查。膳食调查采用连续3天24小时回顾法记录家庭成员的食物消费数量及“称重法”记录家庭调味品消费数量。利用《中国食物成分表第2版》和《中国食物成分表2004》中每种食物的营养素含量及Excel2007软件创建食物营养素成分数据库,进行数据分析计算标准人日食物摄入量、能量及营养素摄入量及膳食结构等。应用SPSS16.0软件进行统计分析,不同性别、年龄间BMI值、收缩压、舒张压水平等的均数比较用t检验、方差分析等,慢性病患病率的比较用卡方检验、患病趋势用趋势检验,膳食与健康状况之间关系的探讨用二元logistic回归模型,分析其影响因素。3结果3.1膳食及营养状况(1)各类食物的摄入量：居民平均每标准人日粮谷薯类食物及其制品摄入量为317.0g,蔬菜类摄入量为425.2g,水果摄入量为102.7g,畜禽肉类及其制品摄入量为183.6g,水产类及其制品摄入量为92.8g,奶类及其制品摄入量为127.9g,豆类及其制品摄入量为25.9g,食用油摄入量为32.8g,食盐摄入量为6.8g,酱油摄入量为9.6g,饮用水及饮料摄入量为637.7g。(2)能量和各种营养素的摄入量：居民每标准人日能量摄入为2293.Okcal,居民平均每标准人日蛋白质摄入量为94.0g,脂肪摄入量为96.6g,碳水化合物摄入量为272.5g,维生素A摄入量为780.9μgRE,维生素B1摄入量为1.1mg,维生素B2摄入量为1.3mg,尼克酸摄入量为22.1 mg,维生素C摄入量为152.3mg,维生素E摄入量为33.6mg,钙摄入量为672.5mg,磷摄入量为1281.4mg,钾摄入量为2,673.7mg,钠摄入量为4560.8mg,镁摄入量为367.8mg,铁摄入量为25.2mg,锌摄入量为13.8mg,硒摄入量为66.6 μg,铜摄入量为2.3mg,锰摄入量为6.6mg。(3)各类食物的供能百分比：居民粮谷类食物提供的能量占总能量的29.3%,动物性食物提供的能量占总能量的28.8%,纯热能食物提供的能量占15.8%,豆类提供的能量占总能量的3.0%,其他食物提供的能量占总能量的23.1%。(4)三大产能营养素的供能百分比及蛋白质、脂肪的食物来源：蛋白质提供能量的比例为16.5%,脂肪提供能量的比例为37.8%,碳水化合物提供能量的比例为45.7%,与07年比较,能量来源于脂肪和蛋白质的比例降低,来源与碳水化合物的比例升高(P值均0.001)。居民膳食蛋白质19.0%来源于谷类及其制品,6.4%来源于豆类及其制品,49.3%来源于动物性食物,25.4%来源于其他食物,优质蛋白质的比例为55.7%。居民膳食脂肪来源于动物性食物的平均为48.6%,来源于植物性食物的平均为51.4%。(5)15岁及以上居民平均每天睡眠时间为7.5小时,居民步行、骑车和坐车出行方式的比例分别为31.8%、20.2%、48.0%,平均每天所有出行时间为67.9分钟,平均每天做家务时间为76.7分钟,平均每天静坐时间为2.9小时。居民参加锻炼的比例为33.0%,参加锻炼的居民平均每天锻炼53.6分钟。居民饮酒率为13.7%,吸烟率12.9%,吸烟率和饮酒率均为男性高于女性(P均0.001)3.2总体健康状态(1)居民健康状况自评良好、一般、较差的分别占63.5%、32.6%、3.9%,各年龄组健康自评有差别,60岁及以上老年人较15-44岁及45-59岁人群健康自评状况较差(P0.001)。(2)居民工作和家务活动能力无困难、一般、有困难的比例分别为84.1%、14.2%、1.7%,各年龄段工作和家务活动能力有差别,60岁及以上老年人较15～44岁及45-59岁人群工作和家务活动能力较差(P0.001)。(3)居民身体机能平均得分为22分,各年龄段身体机能得分有差别,60岁及以上老年人较15-44岁及45-59岁人群身体机能较差(P0.001)。3.3慢性病患病率及与膳食、体力活动的关系(1)居民腰围平均水平为81.9±9.8(cm),臀围平均水平为93.8±6.9(cm),居民腹型肥胖患病率为44.8%,腹型肥胖人群其FBG、TG、SBP平均水均较对照组高(P值均0.05)。(2)居民平均BMI值为23.94±3.55(kg/m2),居民超重率为42.3%、肥胖率为5.6%,两者之和为47.9%。家庭人均收入≥5万和能量摄入/RNI≥100%是肥胖的危险因素。(3)居民收缩压为133±22(mmHg),舒张压为84±12(mmHg),年龄越大,收缩压和舒张压越大,均有随着年龄增加而升高的趋势(P值均0.05)。居民高血压粗患病率为50.7%,随年龄增加,高血压患病率有升高的趋势(P0.001),中老年人群高血压的患病率均超过50%,高年龄、食盐量≥6g/d、超重/肥胖是高雪压的危险因素,体育锻炼则是高血压的保护因素。(4)居民血糖平均水平为5.48±1.65(mmol/L),居民高血糖患病率14.4%,碳水化合物供能比65%、腹型肥胖是高血糖的危险因素。(5)居民血浆总胆固醇平均水平为4.60±0.89(mmol/L),血浆甘油三酯平均水平为1.40±0.99(mmol/L),高胆固醇血症患病率为9.5%,高甘油三酯血症患病率为24.6%,胆固醇边缘升高患病率为12.8%,血脂异常患病率为31.8%。高年龄和看电视玩游戏等静坐时间≥4h/d是高胆固醇血症的危险因素,体育锻炼是高甘油三脂血症的保护因素。4结论4.1膳食质量趋于优化,但膳食结构不合理居民膳食状况逐渐改善,膳食质量趋于优化,能量来源于脂肪和蛋白质的比例较07年降低,来源于碳水化合物的比例增高。居民平均每标准人日能量摄入为2291.0kcal,达到中国居民膳食指南能量参考摄入量的合理范围(1800-2300kcal),粮谷类、蔬菜、鱼虾类的摄入量则基本达到要求,但居民仍存在膳食结构不合理的问题,如水果、奶类、水、大豆类及坚果的摄入不足,畜禽肉类、蛋类、食用油和盐的摄入过高。膳食能量摄入中来源于脂肪的供能过高,碳水化合物供能过低。同时一些矿物质和维生素(如钙、锌、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2)的摄入量未达到推荐摄入量,居民蛋白质、锌、硒、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C摄入不足。4.2不健康的行为和生活方式较严重居民业余静息活动时间平均为2.9小时／天,高于2002年全国居民统计数据2.5小时／天。坐车已成为杨浦区居民最主要的交通方式,居民锻炼参与率较低,仅为33.0%,尤其是青年人。男性居民吸烟、饮酒比例较高。4.3慢性病患病水平较高居民超重／肥胖、高血压、高血糖、高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症及血脂异常等慢性疾病的患病率均处于较高水平且有向年轻化发展的趋势,分析发现不健康的饮食、体力活动较少与这些慢性病的发病有较大联系。
[Abstract]:1 (1) to understand the nutritional status of Yangpu District residents and all kinds of food intake, to grasp the dietary structure and changes of residents. (2) to grasp the level of chronic diseases related to overweight / obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and abnormal blood lipid in Yangpu District residents. (3) discuss the diet, behavior (including smoking, drinking, exercise) and lifestyle (including travel). The relationship between mode and time, sleep, housework and sitting time) and health status is.2 method using multistage stratified cluster random sampling method. In 2012, 3 streets were randomly selected from 11 streets in Yangpu District as the investigation point of nutrition and health survey. All the family members of 103 households were selected as the subjects. When all members got informed consent, they conducted face-to-face inquiries, medical examinations, laboratory tests and dietary surveys. The dietary survey recorded family members' food consumption by 3 days and 24 hours of review and the amount of household condiments recorded by "weighing method". "China food composition table second > and < China). The nutrient content of each food in the food composition table 2004> and the database of Excel2007 software to create food nutrients were used to analyze the standard daily food intake, energy and nutrient intake and dietary structure. The SPSS16.0 software was used for statistical analysis, with different sex, age BMI, systolic pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Compared with t test, variance analysis and so on, the comparison of the prevalence of chronic diseases was compared with the chi square test, the trend test of the prevalence of the disease, the relationship between the diet and the health status, the two yuan logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the factors.3 results, 3.1 meals and nutritional status (1) of all kinds of food intake: the average daily population per person day. The intake of grain and grain and its products were 317.0g, the intake of vegetables and vegetables was 425.2g, fruit intake was 102.7g, the intake of livestock and poultry meat and its products was 183.6g, the intake of aquatic products and their products was 92.8g, the intake of milk and its products was 127.9g, the intake of beans and their products was 25.9g, the consumption of edible oil was 32.8g, and the salt intake was consumed. For 6.8g, the intake of soy was 9.6g, and the intake of drinking water and drink was 637.7g. (2) energy and the intake of various nutrients: the resident daily energy intake was 2293.Okcal, the average daily protein intake of the residents was 94.0g, the fat intake was 96.6g, the carbon and water compound intake was 272.5g, and the vitamin A intake was 780.9 u g. RE, vitamin B1 intake was 1.1mg, vitamin B2 intake was 1.3mg, nicotinic acid intake was 22.1 mg, vitamin C intake was 152.3mg, vitamin E intake was 33.6mg, calcium intake was 672.5mg, phosphorus intake was 1281.4mg, potassium intake, magnesium intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, zinc intake, and zinc intake The amount is 13.8mg, selenium intake is 66.6 mu g, copper intake is 2.3mg, manganese intake is 6.6mg. (3) the percentage of energy supply of all kinds of food: the energy of grain food is 29.3% of total energy, 28.8% of total energy in animal food, 15.8% of the energy for pure heat food, and 3 of the energy provided by legumes. .0%, other foods provide energy for the total energy 23.1%. (4) the percentage of energy supply and protein of the three major productivity nutrients, the food sources of fat: the ratio of energy to protein is 16.5%, the proportion of energy provided by fat is 37.8%, the proportion of carbohydrates providing energy is 45.7%, compared with 07 years, the energy is derived from fat and protein. The proportion of the source and carbohydrate increased (P value was 0.001). The dietary protein 19% was derived from cereals and its products, 6.4% from legumes and their products, 49.3% from animal food and 25.4% from other foods, and the proportion of high quality protein to 55.7%. residents was derived from the average of animal food. For 48.6%, the average daily sleep time was 7.5 hours per day for the average 51.4%. (5) 15 years old and over. The proportion of the residents walking, riding and riding was 31.8%, 20.2%, 48%. The average daily travel time was 67.9 minutes, the average daily housework was 76.7 minutes, and the average sitting time was on the day. 2.9 hours. The proportion of residents participating in exercise was 33%, the average daily exercise was 53.6 minutes. The drinking rate of residents was 13.7%, smoking rate was 12.9%, smoking rate and drinking rate were higher than women (P 0.001) 3.2 general health state (1), the health status of residents was good, generally, the poor accounted for 63.5%, 32.6%, 3.9%, age respectively. There was a difference in health self-assessment. The health self-assessment status of people aged 60 and above was less than that of 15-44 years old and 45-59 years old (P0.001). (2) there was no difficulty in the work and housework ability of residents. Generally, the proportion of difficulties was 84.1%, 14.2%, 1.7%, the work and housework ability of each age group were different, and the older persons of 60 and above were 15~44 and 45-59. The working and housework ability of the age group was poor (P0.001). (3) the average body function score of the residents was 22 points, the body function scores in all ages were different, the elderly people aged 60 and above were less than 15-44 and 45-59 years old (P0.001).3.3 chronic disease incidence and the relationship with diet and physical activity (1) the average waist circumference of the residents was 81.. 9 + 9.8 (CM), the average hip circumference was 93.8 + 6.9 (CM), and the prevalence rate of abdominal obesity was 44.8%. The average water of FBG, TG and SBP in the abdominal obesity population was higher than that of the control group (P value 0.05). (2) the average BMI value was 23.94 + 3.55 (kg/m2), the overweight rate was 42.3%, and the obesity rate was 5.6%. Both of them were the average per capita income of 47.9%. family more than 50 thousand and energy intake. /RNI > 100% was a risk factor for obesity. (3) the systolic pressure of the residents was 133 + 22 (mmHg), the diastolic pressure was 84 + 12 (mmHg). The older the age was, the greater the systolic and diastolic pressure, the higher the age increased (P value 0.05). The prevalence of hypertension was 50.7% in the residents, and the prevalence of hypertension increased with age (P0.001), middle and old age. The prevalence of hypertension in the population was more than 50%, high age, salt content more than 6g/d, overweight / obesity is the risk factor of high snow pressure, physical exercise is the protective factor of hypertension. (4) the average level of blood glucose in residents is 5.48 + 1.65 (mmol/L), the prevalence rate of high blood sugar in residents is 14.4%, the energy ratio of carbon and water compounds is 65%, and abdominal obesity is the risk factor of hyperglycemia. 5) the average plasma total cholesterol level was 4.60 + 0.89 (mmol/L), the average level of triglyceride in plasma was 1.40 + 0.99 (mmol/L), the prevalence rate of hypercholesterolemia was 9.5%, the prevalence rate of high triglyceride was 24.6%, the prevalence rate of cholesterol marginal elevation was 12.8%, and the prevalence rate of blood lipid anomaly was 31.8%. high age and watching TV play games and so on. More than 4h/d is a risk factor for hypercholesterolemia, physical exercise is a protective factor for hyperglycerin three lipemia.4 conclusion 4.1 dietary quality tends to be optimized, but dietary structure is not reasonable for residents, dietary conditions are gradually improved, dietary quality tends to be optimized, the proportion of energy sources to fat and protein is lower than 07 years, derived from carbohydrates. The average daily energy intake of the residents was 2291.0kcal, which reached a reasonable range (1800-2300kcal) for the energy reference intake of the Chinese residents' dietary guidelines, while the intake of Cereals, vegetables and fish and shrimp had basically reached the requirements, but the residents still had problems with irrational dietary structure, such as fruit, milk, water, soya beans and nuts. Intake of meat, meat, eggs, edible oil and salt is too high. The energy intake from the fat is too high and the carbohydrate supply is too low. While some minerals and vitamins (such as calcium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2) have not reached the recommended intake, and the residents' protein, zinc, selenium, vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, vitamin C intake is less than.4.2 unhealthy behavior and lifestyle of serious residents amateur resting activity time is 2.9 hours per day, higher than the national population statistics in 2002 2.5 hours / day. The car has become the main mode of traffic in Yangpu District residents, the residents' participation rate is low, only 33%, especially young people. The prevalence of chronic diseases such as overweight / obese, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperlipidemia, and dyslipidemia are all at a high level and tend to be younger, and the unhealthy diet and physical activity are found to be found. Less associated with the onset of these chronic diseases.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R151.4

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