卫星观测在全球细颗粒物浓度长期暴露评估中的应用

发布时间：2018-06-05 12:53

本文选题：卫星观测 + 气溶胶光学厚度　；参考：《环境与职业医学》2015年08期

【摘要】：[背景]十余年的卫星观测提供了全球细颗粒物(PM2.5)人群暴露趋势和大小的信息。[目的]利用多个卫星的测量值推断的PM2.5浓度,建立和改进大气PM2.5质量和趋势的全球暴露评估。[方法]结合3个卫星反演的PM2.5源数据,得出1998—2012年10 km×10 km尺度上全球PM2.5估计值。对每一个源数据,通过GEOS-Chem化学物运输模型把气溶胶光学厚度总柱反演与近地面PM2.5联系起来,以表示当地的气溶胶光学性能和垂直廓线。从文献中收集210个全球基于地面的PM2.5观测值,用北美和欧洲之外其他地区的测量值来评估基于卫星的估计值。[结果]1998—2012年,全球人口加权的大气PM2.5浓度每年增加0.55μg/m3(95%CI:0.43~0.67)(2.1%/年;95%CI:1.6%~2.6%)。尽管在一些发达地区PM2.5减少,但在一些发展中地区PM2.5的增加推动了这一全球性的变化。在东亚,PM2.5水平高于世界卫生组织(WHO)第一个中期目标35μg/m3的人口比例从1998—2000年的51%上升到2010—2012年的70%。相比之下,北美高于WHO空气质量指南10μg/m3的人口比例,从1998—2000年的62%下降到2010—2012年的19%。北美及欧洲以外地区的卫星反演估计值和地面测量值之间存在关联(r=0.81;n=210;斜率=0.68)。卫星反演的估计值偏低,提示真实的全球浓度可能更高。[结论]卫星观测值提供了大气PM2.5浓度的全球性长期变化的新认识。从这项研究中获得的PM2.5的卫星反演估计值和地面观测值可供公众使用。
[Abstract]:Background: satellite observations for more than a decade provide information on global exposure trends and sizes of PM2.5). [aim] to establish and improve the global exposure assessment of atmospheric PM2.5 quality and trends using PM2.5 concentrations inferred from measurements from multiple satellites. [methods] based on the PM2.5 source data from three satellites, the global PM2.5 estimates on the scale of 10 km 脳 10 km from 1998 to 2012 are obtained. For each source data, the inversion of aerosol optical thickness total column is associated with the near-surface PM2.5 through the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to represent the local aerosol optical properties and vertical profiles. A total of 210 global ground-based PM2.5 observations were collected from the literature to evaluate the satellite-based estimates using measurements from other regions outside North America and Europe. [results] from 1998 to 2012, the global population-weighted atmospheric PM2.5 concentration increased by 0.55 渭 g/m3(95%CI:0.43~0.67)(2.1%/ per year. Although PM2.5 has declined in some developed regions, the increase in PM2.5 in some developing regions has contributed to this global change. The proportion of people in East Asia with PM2.5 levels higher than WHO's first medium-term target of 35 渭 g/m3 rose from 51% in 1998-2000 to 70% in 2010-2012. By contrast, North America's share of the population above the WHO Air quality Guide of 10 渭 g/m3 fell from 62% in 1998-2000 to 19% in 2010-2012. There is a correlation between the satellite inversion estimates and ground measurements in North America and outside Europe. Satellite inversion estimates are low, suggesting that real global concentrations may be higher. [conclusion] Satellite observations provide a new understanding of the global long-term variation of atmospheric PM2.5 concentrations. Satellite inversion estimates and ground observations of PM2.5 obtained from this study are available for public use.
【作者单位】： Department
【分类号】：R122

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