2005年和2010年安徽省7～18岁儿童青少年体质发育状况比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 18:21

本文选题：儿童青少年 + 形态　；参考：《安徽医科大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的对2005年和2010年安徽省7-18岁儿童青少年体质状况、身体发育水平进行描述、分析,探讨安徽省儿童青少年身体发育规律及可能存在的问题,为安徽省儿童青少年的培养和健康教育提供依据。方法本次课题利用2005年和2010年全国学生体质与健康调研项目中的有关数据、资料和方法,以安徽省7-18儿童青少年作为研究对象,采取分层整群抽样方法,首先按照城乡分层,确定调研学校,再以年级分层,以教学班为单位随机整群抽取,共选入16141人(其中2005年7200人,2010年8941人),以SPSS16.0建立数据库,进行描述性统计分析。分析指标包括：形态指标(身高、体重、胸围)、生理功能指标(脉搏、肺活量)、身体素质指标(50米跑、立定跳远、50米×8往返跑、800米跑、1000米跑、斜身引体、引体向上、仰卧起坐、立体前屈)。结果与2005年比较,2010年安徽省7-18儿童青少年样本的身体发育状况如下：1身体形态的生长发育水平有不同程度的提高,城乡男女生各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。按照城男、乡男、城女、乡女次序,各年龄组身高增长率波动范围依次为：-0.04%-2.28%、0.91%-4.76%、-0.43%-2.31%、0.05%-4.79%；体重增长率波动范围依次为：2.12%-13.22%、4.73%-20.59%、-2.00%-10.72%、0.12%-18.94%；胸围增长率波动范围依次为：-1.95%-4.36%、0.13%-6.40%、0.87%-3.85%、1.45%-4.74%；BMI指数增长率波动范围依次为：1.99%-8.40%、2.96%-11.95%、-1.42%-5.46%、0.75%-8.80%；维尔维克指数增长率波动范围依次为：-0.20%-5.12%、1.10%-7.01%、0.05%-3.76%、0.75%-5.23%。 2身体机能生长水平有所下降,且城乡男女生各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。按照城男、乡男、城女、乡女次序,各年龄组脉搏增长率波动范围依次为：1.91%-10.06%、-4.61%-2.25%、-0.70%-5.88%、-6.32%-3.89%；肺活量增长率波动范围依次为：-10.80%--2.00%、-21.30%--4.70%、-16.90%--2.00%、-9.80%-3.80%；肺活量体重指数增长率波动范围依次为：-17.10%-5.50%、-21.70%--4.70%、-21.33%--6.51%、-19.70%--7.50%。 3身体素质指标除身体柔韧性明显提高,其他几项指标均有不同程度的下降,城乡男女生各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。按照城男、乡男、城女、乡女次序,各年龄组短跑成绩平均增长率波动范围依次为：-3.03%-7.93%、2.88%～27.44%、-18.07%--4.31%、-4.05%-4.08%；7-12岁各年龄组长跑成绩平均增长率波动范围依次为：-0.55%-6.06%、2.13%-8.26%、-1.92%-2.26%、-3.39%-1.95%；13～18岁各年龄组长跑成绩平均增长率波动范围依次为：3.16%-0.49%、-8.79%-3.03%、-8.02%-0.48%、-2.11%-6.25%；下肢爆发力测试成绩平均增长率波动范围依次为：-5.81%--0.32%、-2.84%-5.62%、-3.16%-3.85%、-1.40%-3.65%；7-12岁各年龄组肌肉力量测试成绩平均增长率波动范围依次为：-22.32%～47.19%、-12.85%～28.62%、-31.5%--10.78%、-24.81%-2.62%；13-18岁各年龄组肌肉力量测试成绩平均增长率波动范围依次为：-21.47%-15.13%、-12.70%-56.63%、-37.04%--17.89%、-16.80%～-32.00%；各年龄组身体柔韧性测试成绩平均增长率波动范围依次为：-0.51%-43.71%、-8.43%～48.67%、3.45%～45.08%、3.45%-45.08%。结论本研究中所检测的指标可以很好的反映儿童青少年身体发育状况,与2005年比较,2010年安徽省7-18岁各年龄组儿童青少年身体形态的生长发育水平有所提高,身体匀称度也有所改善。大部分年龄组儿童青少年身体机能及部分身体素质指标发育水平出现了下降；同时形态发育与机能、素质发育不一致现象仍然存在。
[Abstract]:objective
The physical condition and physical development level of 7-18 year old children and adolescents in Anhui province in 2005 and 2010 were described and analyzed. The physical development rules and possible problems of children and adolescents in Anhui province were discussed, and the basis for the training and health education of children and adolescents in Anhui province was provided.
Method
This subject uses the data, data and methods of the national student physique and health survey in 2005 and 2010, taking 7-18 children and adolescents in Anhui as the research object, taking the stratified cluster sampling method. First, the research schools are determined according to the urban and rural stratification, and then the annual stratification is taken as the random cluster sampling in the teaching class. In 16141 people (7200 in 2005, 8941 in 2010), a database was set up by SPSS16.0 to carry out a descriptive statistical analysis. The indexes included morphological indexes (height, weight, chest circumference), physiological function index (pulse, vital capacity), physical fitness index (50 meters running, standing long jump, 50 m x 8 round-trip, 800 meter run, 1000 meter running, oblique body introduction, introduction direction. Up, sit up, stereoscopic forward bending.
Result
Compared with 2005, the physical development of 7-18 children and adolescents in Anhui province in 2010 was as follows: 1 the growth and development level of the body shape was improved in different degrees. The differences in age groups between urban and rural male and female students were statistically significant (P0.05). The fluctuation range of height growth rate in each age group was in accordance with city men, townships, city women and rural women. -0.04%-2.28%, 0.91%-4.76%, -0.43%-2.31%, 0.05%-4.79%; the fluctuation range of body weight growth rate is 2.12%-13.22%, 4.73%-20.59%, -2.00%-10.72%, 0.12%-18.94%, and the fluctuation range of the growth rate of chest circumference is in turn: -1.95%-4.36%, 0.13%-6.40%, 0.87%-3.85%, 1.45%-4.74%. 11.95%, -1.42%-5.46%, 0.75%-8.80%; the fluctuation range of the vickick index is -0.20%-5.12%, 1.10%-7.01%, 0.05%-3.76%, 0.75%-5.23%..
2 the growth level of physical function decreased, and the difference of age groups between urban and rural male and female students had statistical significance (P0.05). The fluctuation range of pulse growth rate in each age group was 1.91%-10.06%, -4.61%-2.25%, -0.70%-5.88%, -6.32%-3.89%, and the fluctuation range of vital capacity growth rate in turn was -10.80%--. 2%, -21.30%--4.70%, -16.90%--2.00%, -9.80%-3.80%; the fluctuation range of the growth rate of the vital body mass index was -17.10%-5.50%, -21.70%--4.70%, -21.33%--6.51%, -19.70%--7.50%.
3 in addition to physical flexibility significantly improved, the other indicators have decreased in varying degrees. There is a significant difference between the age groups of urban and rural men and women (P0.05). According to urban men, townships, city women and rural women, the average growth rate of sprint in each age group is -3.03%-7.93%, 2.88% to 27.44%, -18.07%--4 .31%, -4.05%-4.08%; the average growth rate fluctuation range of the 7-12 year old age groups was -0.55%-6.06%, 2.13%-8.26%, -1.92%-2.26%, -3.39%-1.95%, and the average growth rate fluctuation range of the 13~18 year old age groups was 3.16%-0.49%, -8.79%-3.03%, -8.02%-0.48%, -2.11%-6.25%; the lower extremity explosive force test results were flat. The average growth rate fluctuated in order of -5.81%--0.32%, -2.84%-5.62%, -3.16%-3.85%, -1.40%-3.65%, and the average growth rate of muscle strength test in each age group of 7-12 years was -22.32% to 47.19%, -12.85% to 28.62%, -31.5%--10.78%, -24.81%-2.62%, and the average growth rate of muscle strength test in all age groups at 13-18 years old. The fluctuation range is: -21.47%-15.13%, -12.70%-56.63%, -37.04%--17.89%, -16.80% to -32.00%, and the average growth rate fluctuation range of the body flexibility test results in each age group is -0.51%-43.71%, -8.43% to 48.67%, 3.45% ~ 45.08%, 3.45%-45.08%.
conclusion
The indicators detected in this study can well reflect the physical development of children and adolescents. Compared with 2005, the body shape growth and development level of children and adolescents in the age groups of 7-18 years in Anhui province were improved and the body proportioned degree was improved in 2010. The developmental level of the marker decreased, while the morphological development and function and quality development were not consistent.
【学位授予单位】：安徽医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R179

【参考文献】