谷胱甘肽硫转移酶的基因多态性与职业性噪声聋易感性的相关性研究
发布时间:2018-06-15 10:10
本文选题:GSTT1 + GSTM1 ; 参考:《南京医科大学》2012年硕士论文
【摘要】:职业性噪声聋(occupational noise-induced deafness)又称噪声性耳聋,其原因主要是由于长期暴露在损害性噪声环境中所引起的缓慢的进行性感音神经性耳聋,是一种常见的职业病。在欧洲,有超过3500万的工人存在患职业性噪声聋的危险,在工业化国家中约有超过10%的工人患有该疾病,,在一些发展中国家发病情况可能更为严重。职业性噪声聋是一种可以预防的疾病,但是一旦发生就很难逆转,因此降低其发病率已成为当今职业病防治机构面临的一项非常重要的课题。 人群研究结果表明,职业性噪声聋和累积噪声暴露量呈正相关,噪声愈强、噪声暴露时间愈长,则听力损失愈严重。除去噪声外,其他环境影响因素包括高温、振动、有机溶剂、重金属等。个体因素则包括年龄、性别、吸烟、高血压、高血脂、服用耳毒性药物(包括氨基糖苷类、氰化物等)、个体生活暴露以及遗传因素等。严格控制条件的动物实验证明了在相同暴露条件下,动物的听阈改变有较大差异。随着近些年对职业性噪声聋的研究不断深入,在动物模型中已经证明某些基因可以影响动物对噪声的易感性。大样本量的人群观察发现在相同的噪声暴露条件下,个体的听阈改变也有很大差异,提示个体对噪声的遗传易感性存在着差异。 随着近年来对职业性噪声聋基因易感性研究的深入,目前已经发现的职业性噪声聋的可能易感基因有钙粘蛋白23基因(CDH23)、质膜Ca~(2+)-ATP酶2基因(PMCA2)、氧化性应激基因家族(GSTT1、GSTM1、GSTP1、SOD1、SOD2、CAT等)、钾离子循环有关基因(GJB2等)、热休克蛋白70基因(HSP70)等。 研究职业性噪声聋的易感基因对职业性噪声聋的一级预防具有很重要的意义,如果能确认职业性噪声聋的易感基因,就可以在接触有害噪声之前将对噪声敏感的个体提前筛选出来,有效的减少职业性噪声聋的发生,从而保护工人的健康。本课题组在较大样本量的汉族人群中研究谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)的三个常见基因(GSTT1、GSTM1、GSTP1)与职业性噪声聋易感性之间的关系,为进一步研究这三个基因与职业性噪声聋的易感性的关系提供理论依据,并为研究其他职业性噪声聋的易感基因提供理论基础和方法指导。目的:探讨谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)的三个常见基因GSTT1(rs1049055)、GSTM1(rs10712361)、GSTP1(rs1695)的多态性与职业性噪声聋易感性的关系,为职业性噪声聋易感个体的筛检提供理论支持,更好的预防职业性噪声聋的发生。 方法: 1、研究对象的选择 在中国汉族噪声暴露人群中,采用病例对照的研究方法,根据GBZ49-2007,病例组为电测听结果高频听阈大于等于40dB的工人,对照组为电测听结果高频听阈小于40dB的同岗位轮班工人。 2、DNA的提取 采用天根试剂盒(非离心柱法)抽提外周血中的DNA。 3、基因型的测定 采用PCR-RFLP(聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性)测定基因型。参考相关文献的报道来设计引物和设定实验条件。其中GSTT1和GSTM1的基因型测定需要Albumin(白蛋白内参)为内对照。 4、血浆中GST活性的测定GST活性的测定采用南京建成生物工程研究所研制的GST活性测试盒。 5、数据处理和统计分析 数据的录入采用Epidate3.0,数据的统计分析使用SAS9.1.3软件。年龄、工龄、听阈等定量资料的两组间比较采用双侧t检验;年龄分层、工龄分层、噪声暴露分层、基因型等定性资料的两组间比较采用双侧2检验;OR值和其95%的可信区间用Logistic多因素模型进行分析计算,基因型和职业性噪声聋的其他危险因素的联合作用采用Logistic多因素模型进行分析。 结果: 1、病例组和对照组的一般情况 本次研究共收集符合条件的研究对象共计322例,其中病例组的工人161例,对照组的工人161例,两组工人在年龄、性别、工龄、噪声暴露强度、吸烟、饮酒方面均无统计学差异,而病例组工人的听阈为53.3±10.0dB,对照组工人的听阈为18.8±9.5dB,两组之间比较有统计学差异(P0.001)。 2、GSTT1、GSTM1、GSTP1基因多态性与职业性噪声聋易感性的关系 对161名病例组的工人和161名对照组的工人进行GSTT1、GSTM1、GSTP1基因分型,结果表明:GSTM1缺失型在病例组和对照组的分布频率分别为56.5%和41.0%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.001),调整OR=1.8595%CI=(1.18-2.89),说明携带GSTM1缺失型的噪声暴露工人发生职业性噪声聋的危险性是携带GSTM1存在型的1.85倍;而GSTT1缺失型在病例组和对照组的分布频率分别为49.1%和50.9%;GSTP1rs1695位点的AA、AG、GG基因型在病例组和对照组的分布频率分别为57.1%,38.5%,4.4%和57.1%,37.3%,5.6%,GSTT1和GSTP1在病例组和对照组的分布差别均无统计学意义。 3、GSTM1多态性的分层分析和职业性噪声聋易感性的关系 分层分析后发现当GSTM1缺失型与噪声作业工龄、噪声暴露强度和吸烟等职业性噪声聋的危险因素结合后在统计学上可增加患职业性噪声聋的危险性,当噪声作业工龄大于二十年时,危险性增大(OR=3.44)。工人的噪声暴露强度≤85dB(A)时,OR=1.5195%CI=0.72-3.19,工人的噪声暴露强度介于86-91dB(A)时,发生职业性噪声聋的危险性变大(OR=2.4295%CI=1.03-5.64),但当暴露强度≥92dB(A)时,未发现存在基因环境交互作用(OR=2.1595%CI=0.95-4.89)。吸烟作为职业性噪声聋的危险因素之一,与基因型可能也存在着交互作用,经年龄、性别、饮酒等因素调整后,携带GSTM1缺失型并吸烟的工人发生职业性噪声聋的危险性是携带GSTM1存在型工人的2.06倍。 4、GSTT1、GSTM1、GSTP1的联合基因多态性与职业性噪声聋易感性的关系 对GSTT1、GSTM1、GSTP1的这三个位点的联合分析后发现携带两种危险基因型的个体发生听力损失的危险性是不携带任何危险基因型个体的1.98倍,其95%CI=1.03-3.81,但排除吸烟、饮酒等混杂因素后,未发现存在发生职业性噪声聋的危险性(OR=1.9595%CI=0.99-3.84),Cochran-Armitage趋势检验发现病例组和对照组之间存在差异(P=0.024)。 5、GSTT1、GSTM1、GSTP1基因多态性与GST活性之间的关系 测定GST活性后发现病例组的活性低于对照组[14.5±5.1(U/ml) vs.15.9±6.3(U/ml), P=0.010]。在全部工人中[14.6±5.1(U/ml) vs.15.8±6.3(U/ml), P=0.021]和在对照组工人中[14.7±5.0(U/ml) vs.16.7±7.0(U/ml), P=0.012],携带GSTM1缺失型工人的GST活性低于携带GSTM1存在型的工人,差异均有统计学意义。 结论: 1、GSTM1缺失型可能是汉族人群职业性噪声聋的易感因素。 2、GSTT1和GSTP1的多态性可能不是职业性噪声聋的易感因素。 3、GSTT1、GSTM1、GSTP1的三个多态性位点之间可能不存在有联合作用。 4、GSTM1缺失型可能导致血浆中GST活性的下降从而影响机体的抗氧化能力,进而可能导致噪声暴露人群对职业性噪声聋易感。
[Abstract]:Occupational noise deafness (occupational noise-induced deafness), also known as noise deafness, is mainly due to the slow onset of sensorineural deafness caused by long-term exposure to damaging noise environment. It is a common occupational disease. In Europe, more than 35 million workers are at risk of occupational noise and deafness. More than 10% of the workers in the industrialized countries are suffering from the disease and may be more serious in some developing countries. Occupational noise deafness is a preventable disease, but it is difficult to reverse once it occurs, so reducing its incidence has become a very important topic for the current occupational disease control institutions.
The results of the population study showed that occupational noise deafness was positively correlated with the amount of cumulative noise exposure, the stronger the noise and the longer the exposure to noise, the more serious the hearing loss. Other environmental factors included high temperature, vibration, organic solvents, heavy metals, etc. individual factors included age, sex, smoking, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and high blood pressure. Ototoxic drugs (including aminoglycosides, cyanides, cyanide, etc.), individual life exposure, and genetic factors. Animal experiments with strict control conditions have proved that the hearing threshold changes of animals are greatly different under the same exposure conditions. With the study of occupational noise deafness in recent years, some genes have been proved in animal models. In order to affect the susceptibility of animals to noise, the population observation of large quantities found that under the same noise exposure conditions, the individual hearing threshold changes are also very different, suggesting that the individual genetic susceptibility to noise is different.
With the study of genetic susceptibility to occupational noise deafness in recent years, the possible susceptible genes for occupational noise deafness have been found to have the 23 gene (CDH23), the Ca~ (2+) -ATP enzyme 2 gene (PMCA2), the oxidative stress gene family (GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1, SOD1, SOD2, CAT, etc.), the genes of the potassium ion cycle related genes (GJB2, etc.), heat Shock protein 70 gene (HSP70) and so on.
The study of the susceptibility genes of occupational noise deafness is of great significance to the primary prevention of occupational noise deafness. If the susceptibility genes of occupational noise deafness can be identified, the noise sensitive individuals can be screened ahead of contact with harmful noise and effectively reduce the occurrence of occupational noise deafness, thus protecting the health of the workers. The research group studied the relationship between three common genes (GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1) of glutathione thiotransferase (GST) and occupational noise susceptibility in a large sample of Han population, providing a theoretical basis for further study of the relationship between the three genes and the susceptibility to occupational noise deafness, and for the study of other occupational noise. The predisposing genes of deafness provide theoretical basis and method guidance. Objective: To explore the relationship between the polymorphism of three common genes of glutathione thiotransferase (GST), GSTM1 (rs10712361), GSTP1 (rs1695) and the susceptibility of occupational noise deafness, to provide theoretical support for the screening of occupational noise deafness and easily susceptible individuals, and better preventive service. The occurrence of industrial noise deafness.
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