上海市黄浦区中学生意外伤害发生现状、危险因素调查和防制对策研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 10:39

本文选题：意外伤害 + 中学生　；参考：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的为制定上海市黄浦区学校预防学生意外伤害的综合措施,减少意外伤害对青少年健康的危害提供科学依据。方法收集2006-2010学年中学生伤害个案报告524例,按照同性别、同年龄、同班级进行1：1配对的方式选择伤害组和对照组共240例进行意外伤害相关影响因素调查；采用现场观察法对所有中学进行现场调查；采用分层随机抽样方法抽取班主任、体育老师、卫生老师和分管领导作为访谈对象开展小组访谈和深入访谈。对问卷调查等定量资料使用EpiData软件录入,用SPSS软件进行分析。专题小组访谈等定性资料输入电脑进行类属分析。结果 1、中学生意外伤害发生的现状 2006-2010学年黄浦区在校中学生意外伤害平均发生率为4.09‰,男生意外伤害发生率高于女生。意外伤害发生时段以上课、课间休息时段为主,每学期均有伤害发生；意外伤害发生的最主要场所是学校,其次是家庭和其他公共场所。意外伤害发生时中学生从事前三位的活动为消遣活动、体育活动和日常起居活动。意外伤害发生类型排在前五位的依次为跌落/倒、碰撞/挤压伤、打/踢/拧/咬/抓伤、刀/锐器伤和交通事故。意外伤害的伤害性质主要以骨折和脱位/扭伤/拉伤为主,发生的部位依次为四肢远端、四肢、头面部。 2、中学生意外伤害发生的危险因素伤害组和对照组比较,单因素分析在父母的婚姻状况、学生BMI指数、夜间睡眠质量、学习成绩、“做任何事前停下来思考”和“为不该做而做了的事,不该说而说了的话紧张”的问题、攀爬屋顶等危险地方、与他人动手打架、喝酒等危险行为、运动前不热身、在疲倦时运动无老师指导做高难度运动和无防护做器械锻炼等运动危险行为、过马路闯红灯和不走人行道等不安全交通行为方面有统计学差异。多因素分析BMI上升1个单位,伤害发生的风险上升1.062倍；睡眠状况差的学生发生伤害的风险是睡眠状况好的1.913倍；不会为自己不该做而做了的事,不该说而说了的话而紧张的学生发生伤害的风险更大,是另一类学生的2.784倍。 3、中学意外伤害防制的现状学校已制定意外伤害相关制度,开展健康教育和意外伤害监测工作,具有一定应急处置能力。但环境观察结果显示87.50%的学校大门沿马路；学校大门无减速带的学校占58.33%;学校周边有卖油炸食品流动小摊点的学校占33.33%；操场未设有塑胶跑道等防护设施的学校占33.33%；体育防护设备固定放置的占37.50%；课间休息有学生打闹或追逐现象的学校占20.83%,课间休息有老师巡逻检查的学校占62.50%;学生奔跑的学校占20.83%,有安全警示标志的70.83%, 访谈对象认为学生意外伤害现状与问卷调查结果一致,意外伤害给学生及其家庭和学校都造成一定影响；学生体质差、课外运动前准备不足和自我保护意识差是导致学生意外伤害发生的原因；预防学生意外伤害要进行社会和新闻界的呼吁,以及舆论的导向,应该各部门动员,而不仅仅是学校。结论中学生意外伤害监测纳入标准应进一步统一,应控制漏报现象。中学生意外伤害具有一些流行病学特征。父母的婚姻状况、学生身体健康和心理健康、个人危险行为和运动危险行为和交通不安全行为与中学生意外伤害发生有关。目前我区中学学校意外伤害防制仍存在一些问题,需要在制度落实管理、宣传教育形式内容改善、健全监测系统和排除安全隐患上进行改善。
[Abstract]:Objective to provide a scientific basis for formulating comprehensive measures to prevent students from accidental injury in schools in Huangpu District, Shanghai, and to reduce the harm of accidental injury to adolescents' health.
Methods 524 cases of injury cases of middle school students in the 2006-2010 school year were collected. According to the sex, the same age, the same age, and the 1:1 in the same class, 240 cases of the injury related factors were investigated. All secondary schools were investigated by the field observation method, and the stratified random sampling method was used to extract the class. The director, the physical education teacher, the health teacher and the division leader conducted group interviews and in-depth interviews. The quantitative data, such as the questionnaire survey, were recorded in EpiData software and analyzed with SPSS software. Qualitative data such as topic group interview were entered into a computer class analysis.
Result
1, the present situation of accidental injury in middle school students
The average incidence of accidental injuries in Huangpu District middle school students in the 2006-2010 school year is 4.09 per thousand, and the incidence of accidental injuries in boys is higher than that of girls. The classes above the time of accidental injury, the rest period between classes are mainly injuries, the most important place for accidental injury is school, followed by family and other public places. At the time of injury, middle school students engaged in the first three activities for recreational activities, sports activities and daily living activities. The first five cases of accidental injury were fall / fall, collision / crush injury, playing / kicking / screwing / biting / scratching, knife / sharp injury and traffic accidents. The main injuries of accidental injuries were mainly fracture and dislocation / sprain / pull. The locations were limbs distal, limbs, head and face.
2, the risk factors of accidental injury in middle school students
The injury group was compared with the control group. The single factor analysis was dangerous for the parents' marital status, the student BMI index, the night sleep quality, the learning achievement, "do anything before thinking" and "do things that should not be done, not to say and say tense", climb the roof and other dangerous places, fight with others, drink and so on. To do not warm up before exercise, when tired, exercise without teacher guidance to do high difficulty exercise and non protective equipment exercise, such as exercise dangerous behavior, crossing the street red light and not walk the sidewalk unsafe traffic behavior has statistical difference. Multifactor analysis BMI rises 1 units, the risk of injury occurrence rises 1.062 times; sleep condition is poor. The risk of a student's injury is 1.913 times as good as the sleep condition; it will not be done for himself, not to say it, and the stress of a student is more risky, 2.784 times more than the other class.
3, the current situation of accident prevention and control in middle school
The school has set up an accident injury related system, carry out health education and accident injury monitoring, and have a certain capacity for emergency disposal. However, the environmental observation results show that 87.50% of the school gates along the road; the school gate without deceleration belt of the school accounts for 58.33%; the schools around the school have 33.33% schools selling frying food stalls; the playground is not set up. There are 33.33% schools with protective facilities such as plastic runways, 37.50% of fixed sports protection equipment, 20.83% schools for students to play or chase after class, 62.50% in schools with teachers' patrols, 20.83% for students to run and 70.83% for safety warning signs.
The interviewees agree that the present situation of students' accidental injuries is consistent with the results of the questionnaire survey. Accidental injuries have a certain impact on students and their families and schools. Poor physical fitness, inadequate preparation before extracurricular sports and poor self-protection consciousness are the causes of accidental injury to students; the pre prevention and prevention of accidental injuries to students should be carried out in the society and the press. The appeal and guidance of public opinion should be mobilized by all departments, not just schools.
conclusion
The accidental injury monitoring of middle school students should be further unified, and the phenomenon of missed reporting should be controlled. The accidental injuries of middle school students have some epidemiological characteristics. The marital status of the parents, the physical health and mental health of the students, the personal dangerous behavior and the dangerous behavior of sports and traffic unease are related to the accident injury of middle school students. There are still some problems in the prevention and control of accidental injury in middle school schools. It is necessary to improve the system, improve the form of propaganda and education, improve the monitoring system and eliminate the hidden dangers of security.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R179

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