暴露组学的概念与应用

发布时间：2018-06-26 20:05

本文选题：暴露组学 + 全暴露组关联研究　；参考：《环境与健康杂志》2015年01期

【摘要】：暴露组学作为基因组学的补充是指从妊娠开始贯穿整个人生的环境暴露(包括生活方式因素)。暴露源包括外源(污染、辐射、饮食等)和内源(炎症、感染、微生物等)。继全基因组关联研究(GWAS)之后发展的全暴露组关联研究(EWAS)的目的是对在未知方式下暴露的评估。EWAS方法通过比较患者和健康受试者暴露组的分析结果,确定有效的生物标志物,进而利用这些生物标志物来阐明暴露-效应关系(生化流行病学)、暴露和人体动力学来源(暴露生物学),以及作用机制(系统生物学)。"自下而上"和"自上而下"的方法在识别个体暴露上都具有科学价值。"自上而下"法用于揭示人类疾病的未知暴露源,而"自下而上"法是用于分析外暴露以及建立干预与预防的方法。生物标志物不仅可以用于研究外暴露,也可以用于研究内暴露。内暴露组学采用组学的方法进行研究,如基因组学、蛋白质组学、表观基因组学、代谢组学、转录组学、加合物组学等。人类生命早期暴露组学(HELIX)项目是近期启动的描述欧洲人群的早期暴露以及揭示组学标志物和儿童时期健康关系的第一次尝试。该文介绍了其研究方法、工具、思路及其重要意义,同时总结了暴露组学从概念到应用可能面临的挑战。
[Abstract]:Exposures as a complement to genomics refer to environmental exposures (including lifestyle factors) that run through life from pregnancy. Sources of exposure include exogenous (pollution, radiation, diet, etc.) and endogenous (inflammation, infection, microorganisms, etc.). The purpose of the all exposure Group Association study (Ewas), developed after the Genome-wide Association study (Gwas), is to identify effective biomarkers by comparing the results of patient and healthy exposure groups with the assessment of exposure in unknown ways. These biomarkers are then used to clarify the relationship between exposure and effect (biochemical epidemiology), the source of exposure and human dynamics (exposure biology), and the mechanism of action (systems biology). " Both bottom-up and top-down approaches are of scientific value in identifying individual exposures. The top-down approach is used to reveal unknown sources of exposure to human diseases, while the bottom-up approach is used to analyze external exposures and to establish interventions and prevention methods. Biomarkers can be used not only to study external exposure, but also to study internal exposure. The methods of internal exposure genomics, such as genomics, proteomics, epigenomics, metabonomics, transcriptome, adductology, etc. The early exposure in Human Life (helix) project is the first attempt to describe early exposure in European populations and to reveal the relationship between early exposure and childhood health. This paper introduces its research methods, tools, ideas and significance, and summarizes the possible challenges from concept to application.
【作者单位】：中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室;天津师范大学;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2011CB503801)
【分类号】：R114

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