合肥市居民吸烟、戒烟现状及吸烟、戒烟意愿影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 23:29

本文选题：戒烟 + 吸烟　；参考：《安徽医科大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：背景：吸烟是当今世界人类健康的最大威胁，据世界卫生组织估计，全球每年死于与吸烟有关疾病的人数达500万，预计到2030年全球因烟草致死的人数将达到800万，当前吸烟者中的50%（6.5亿）将会因各种烟草相关疾病而早亡，加上二手烟导致的疾病，，到本世纪末，将有10亿人因烟草导致的相关疾病而死亡。我国目前烟草引起的死亡人数超过肺结核、疟疾、生产和围产期并发症状及艾滋病死亡的总和。为了控制烟草带来的危害，开展控烟工作已经是合肥市当前重要任务。了解合肥市居民吸烟、戒烟现状，研究其影响因素，探索出降低居民吸烟率、提高戒烟率的有效途径已经成为合肥市控烟过程中需要迫切解决的问题。目的：了解合肥市居民吸烟、戒烟的现状，探索合肥市居民吸烟和戒烟意愿的影响因素，为合肥市今后更好开展居民戒烟活动，降低居民的吸烟率以及制定相关控烟政策提供科学依据。方法：选择合肥市蜀山区和庐阳区的四个街道，调查年龄在15岁及以上并在合肥市居住半年以上的居民，采用浙江大学中国公共卫生控烟能力建设项目组编制的调查问卷，问卷调查以自填方式为主。运用EpiData3.1建立数据库，双录入并检错，使用SPSS16.0统计软件分析。研究资料的分析方法主要析包括一般性描述分析、卡方检验和回归分析法。结果：合肥市居民吸烟率为36.02%，现在吸烟率为32.04%，男性现在吸烟率为50.09%，女性吸现在烟率为5.2%，合肥市居民平均每天吸17.1支卷烟，有58.62%的烟民在禁烟的公共场所吸过烟；Logistic回归分析结果显示烟民的家庭的禁烟规定情况、单位禁烟规定情况及看到烟草广告的情况与其吸烟行为有关，而禁烟标识是影响烟民在公共场所吸烟行为因素之一；86.21%的烟民吸食20元以下的卷烟，其中43.79%的烟民表示，如烟草价格提高，他们会减少吸烟；合肥市烟民戒烟率为11.04%，目前有47.24%的现在吸烟者打算戒烟；Logistic回归分析结果显示烟民的年龄、吸烟年数、戒烟次数、烟瘾、意识烟草危害情况与其是否打算戒烟有关。结论：①合肥市禁烟规定缺乏强制性，导致烟民随意在公共场所吸烟，②家庭、单位全面禁烟可降低居民吸烟行为；③强烈刺激的烟草负面宣传，可减少烟民的吸烟行为，提高其戒烟倾向；④烟民戒烟效果不佳，戒烟服务可及性差；⑤合肥市控烟力度不够，居民吸烟率偏高。建议：①运用综合性的手段，促使更多家庭、单位开展全面禁烟活动，降低居民吸烟率；②广泛在公共场所张贴禁烟标识，减少烟民在公共场所的吸烟行为；③有效的开展控烟宣传，提高居民戒烟意愿，并提供可及性的戒烟服务
[Abstract]:Background: smoking is the greatest threat to human health in the world today. The World Health Organization estimates that 5 million people die from smoking-related diseases every year in the world, and it is expected that 8 million people will die from tobacco in the world by 2030. Fifty percent (650 million) of current smokers will die prematurely from various tobacco-related diseases, plus diseases caused by secondhand smoke. By the end of this century, 1 billion people will die from tobacco-related diseases. Tobacco-related deaths in China now outnumber tuberculosis, malaria, birth and perinatal complications and AIDS combined. In order to control the harm caused by tobacco, tobacco control is an important task in Hefei. To understand the smoking and smoking cessation status of Hefei residents, to study the influencing factors, to explore the effective ways to reduce the smoking rate and to improve the smoking cessation rate have become the urgent problems to be solved in the process of smoking control in Hefei City. Objective: to understand the current situation of smoking and smoking cessation among residents in Hefei, and to explore the influencing factors of smoking and smoking cessation intention of residents in Hefei, so as to better carry out smoking cessation activities in Hefei in the future. To reduce the smoking rate of residents and formulate relevant tobacco control policies to provide scientific basis. Methods: four streets in Shushan District and Luyang District of Hefei City were selected to investigate the residents aged 15 and above who lived in Hefei for more than half a year. The questionnaire was compiled by China Public Health capacity Building Project of Zhejiang University. The questionnaire was mainly self-filled. EpiData3.1 was used to establish database, double input and error detection, SPSS 16.0 statistical software analysis. The analysis methods include general description analysis, chi-square test and regression analysis. Results: the smoking rate of Hefei residents was 36.02, the smoking rate was 32.044, the male smoking rate was 50.09 and the female smoking rate was 5.2. The average smoking rate of Hefei residents was 17.1 cigarettes per day. 58.62% of the smokers had smoked cigarettes in non-smoking public places. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the smoking regulation of the smoker's family, the situation of the unit smoking ban and the tobacco advertisement were related to the smoking behavior, and the smoking ban sign was one of the factors influencing the smokers' smoking behavior in the public place. 86.21% smokers smoked cigarettes with less than 20 yuan, 43.79% of them said that if the price of tobacco increased, they would reduce their smoking, the smoking cessation rate of smokers in Hefei was 11.04%, and 47.24% of current smokers planned to give up smoking. Logistic regression analysis showed that the age, the number of years of smoking, the number of times of quitting, the addiction, the awareness of the harmful situation of tobacco were related to whether they intended to quit smoking or not. Conclusion the lack of compulsory smoking ban in Hefei leads to smoking in public places at random. The total ban on smoking in units can reduce the negative tobacco propaganda and reduce the smoking behavior of smokers. The effect of smoking cessation was not good, the smoking control was not enough and the smoking rate of residents was on the high side in Hefei. It is suggested that the use of comprehensive measures to promote more families and units to carry out a comprehensive anti-smoking activities, reduce the smoking rate of residents. 2 widely put up no smoking signs in public places, reduce smoking behavior of smokers in public places; 3. Effectively carry out tobacco control publicity, improve residents' willingness to quit smoking, and provide accessible smoking cessation services
【学位授予单位】：安徽医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R163

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