昆山市学龄前儿童视力发育异常现状及影响因素的研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 02:23

本文选题：学龄前儿童 + 视力　；参考：《苏州大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的：眼睛是人体最重要的感受器官,人类主要是通过视觉得到各种信息,有80%以上的信息是用眼睛获得的。眼睛不仅作为接收信息的主要器官,而且能够发送传递信息,人的喜、怒、哀、乐等各种情感都要靠双眼表现。学龄前儿童处在视力发育的关键期,各种不良的饮食、用眼习惯都有会成为视力发育的影响因素。本研究旨在通过对全市学龄前儿童视力发育的现状及其影响因素的横断面调查,了解昆山市学龄前儿童的视力发育影响因素,以进一步采取相应措施,促进学龄前儿童视力的健康发育。方法：采用抽样调查的方法,对全市11家托幼机构的1570名学龄前儿童的视力发育现状及其影响因素进行横断面研究。视力发育现状采用视力检查和屈光筛查同时进行的方法,均由受过专业训练的儿童保健医师进行操作。影响因素调查表为自编内容,交由儿童抚养人填写,回收后进行统计分析。结果： 1.昆山市学龄前儿童视力异常检出率为12.42%(195/1570),屈光异常检出率为20.19%(317/1570),总异常检出率为27.58%(433/1570)。 2.男孩视力异常检出率为8.40%(88/833),女孩视力异常检出率10.99%(107/737),男、女童之间视力异常检出率有统计学差异(χ2=5.62,P0.05)。 3.各班级之间视力异常检出率之间比较有统计学差异(χ2=93.27,P=0.00)；各班级之间视力异常类型为近视的检出率之间存在统计学差异(χ2=97.06,P0.01)；各班级之间屈光异常检出率和屈光异常类型为远视的检出率存在统计学差异(χ2值分别为74.72和81.53,P值均0.01)。 4.各年龄组之间视力异常检出率比较有统计学差异(χ2=47.70,P0.01)；各年龄组视力异常类型为近视的检出率之间存在统计学差异(χ2=98.88,P0.01)；各年龄组之间屈光异常检出率和屈光异常为远视的检出率存在统计学差异(χ2值分别为110.74和137.69,P值均0.01)。 5.影响昆山市学龄前儿童视力发育的影响因素为接触电脑时间和户外活动时间；屈光发育的影响因素为母亲年龄、出生体重、接触电脑时间、睡觉姿势、睡觉时是否开灯、睡眠时间、食物软硬喜好等；视力总异常的影响因素为母亲年龄、孕期是否服用药物、是否出生窒息、出生体重、接触电脑时间、户外活动时间、睡眠时间、睡觉时是否开灯。结论： 1.昆山市学龄前儿童的视力异常、屈光异常现状呈现女孩高发、低龄化的趋势,视力发育异常现象不容小觑,值得有关卫生部门重视。 2.对于本研究中发现的接触电脑时间、睡觉姿势、睡觉时是否开灯、睡眠时间、食物软硬喜好、户外活动时间等影响学龄前儿童视力发育的因素,应积极采取多种健康教育措施,保护和促进其视力的健康发展。
[Abstract]:Objective: the eye is the most important organ of the human body. The human gets all kinds of information mainly through the vision, and more than 80% of the information is obtained by the eye. The eye is not only the main organ to receive information, but also can transmit information. Preschool children are in the critical period of vision development. The purpose of this study was to understand the influencing factors of preschool children's vision development in Kunshan City by cross-sectional investigation of the present situation and influencing factors of preschool children's vision development in Kunshan City, so as to further take appropriate measures. To promote the healthy development of eyesight of preschool children. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out on the visual acuity of 1570 preschool children in 11 kindergartens in the city. Visual acuity development was performed simultaneously by visual examination and refractive screening, and was performed by a trained child health care physician. The questionnaire of influencing factors was compiled by ourselves, which was filled out by child dependents and collected for statistical analysis. Results: 1. The detectable rate of abnormal eyesight, ametropia and total abnormality were 12.42% (195-1570), 20.19% (317 / 1570) and 27.58% (433 / 1570), respectively. The detection rate of abnormal vision was 8.40% (88 / 833) for boys and 10.99% (107 / 737) for girls. There was statistical difference in the detection rate of visual acuity abnormality among different classes (蠂 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ (93.27) / P ~ (0.00), and there was a statistical difference in the detection rate of myopia between different classes (蠂 ~ (2) ~ (97.06) / P ~ (0.01). There were significant differences in the detectable rate of ametropia and hyperopia between different classes (蠂 ~ 2 = 74.72 and P = 81.53, P = 0.01). There was statistical difference in the detection rate of abnormal visual acuity among different age groups (蠂 ~ 2 / 47.70 / P _ (0.01), and there was a statistical difference among the types of myopia in different age groups (蠂 ~ 2 / 98.88 / P _ (0.01). There were significant differences in the detection rate of ametropia and hyperopia among different age groups (蠂 ~ 2 = 110.74 and 137.69 P = 0.05). The influencing factors of visual development of preschool children in Kunshan were computer contact time and outdoor activity time, and the influencing factors of refractive development were mother's age, birth weight, computer contact time, sleeping posture and whether to turn on the lights during sleep. Sleep time, soft and hard food preference, etc. The influencing factors of abnormal vision are the age of mother, whether or not to take medicine during pregnancy, whether birth asphyxia, birth weight, computer contact time, outdoor activity time, sleep time, whether to turn on the light when sleeping. Conclusion: 1. The present situation of abnormal eyesight and ametropia of preschool children in Kunshan shows the trend of high incidence of girls and low age. The phenomenon of abnormal vision development should not be underestimated, which deserves the attention of relevant health departments. 2. Various health education measures should be taken to influence the visual development of preschool children, such as computer contact time, sleeping posture, whether lights are turned on while sleeping, sleeping time, food soft and hard preference, outdoor activity time and so on. To protect and promote the healthy development of their eyesight.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R179

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