乌鲁木齐市汉族孕妇营养知识态度行为及影响因素的研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 12:43

本文选题：乌鲁木齐市 + 汉族　；参考：《新疆医科大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的调查新疆乌鲁木齐市汉族孕妇膳食营养摄入水平，分析新疆乌鲁木齐市汉族孕妇的营养知识、态度、行为的现状及其影响因素，为孕妇营养教育工作提供科学依据，从而达到提高孕妇营养水平、促进母子健康的目的。方法采用流行病学的横断面现况调查法和随机抽样的方法，对乌鲁木齐市600名汉族孕妇（孕早、中、晚期各200名）孕妇进行了问卷调查，剔除不合格问卷后，采用spss17.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果整个孕期谷类、水果类已达到标准，但薯类与豆类、蔬菜、畜肉类、乳类及制品、蛋类均未达标，，碳水化合物的摄入已达到标准，能量及蛋白质的摄入（84.9±31.4）g未达标，脂肪、抗坏血酸及VitE及盐的摄入超标，各孕期铁的摄入达到标准，但钙的摄入孕晚期未达标，VitA、硫胺素与核黄素孕期摄入量未达标。乌鲁木齐市汉族孕妇中营养知识合格率仅为31.5%，只有5.83%的孕妇了解《中国居民膳食指南》的内容，营养知识及格率存在年龄、文化程度的差异(P㩳0.05)，但不同职业之间及格率的差异并不明显，χ2值为4.057（P㧐0.05），进行多因素Lgoistci回归分析，营养知识认知水平的主要影响因素是文化程度与家庭收入。62.8%的孕妇有挑食、偏食现象，仅3.17%的孕妇知道孕期如何安排饮食，66.7%的孕妇不吃保健品，86.0%的孕妇孕期服用过叶酸，45.3%的孕妇服用过钙制剂，仅仅14.8%的孕妇服用过铁制剂，97.8%孕妇不吸烟，但是61.5%的孕妇受被动吸烟。孕妇中讲究营养和科学饮食者占21.5%，大部分孕妇对营养的态度都是正确积极，98.2%的孕妇希望了解孕期相关营养知识。结论1.乌鲁木齐市汉族孕妇大部分食物的摄入未达标，应调整不平衡的膳食结构，保证各孕期营养素的供给。2.汉族孕妇营养知识水平较低，文化程度与家庭收入是主要影响因素。3.存在偏食、挑食，饮食安排不合理等不良饮食行为，建议应全面加强孕妇的文化素质教育，提高保健意识，引导良好的饮食行为。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the dietary nutrition intake level of Han pregnant women in Urumqi, Xinjiang, and analyze the nutritional knowledge, attitude, behavior and influencing factors of Han pregnant women in Urumqi, Xinjiang, so as to provide scientific basis for nutritional education of pregnant women. In order to improve the nutritional level of pregnant women and promote the health of mother and child. Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological survey and a random sampling method were used to investigate 600 pregnant women of Han nationality (200 at the early, middle and late stages of pregnancy) in Urumqi. Spss17.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. Results during the whole pregnancy, cereals and fruits had reached the standard, but potato and legumes, vegetables, meat, milk and eggs were not up to the standard, carbohydrate intake had reached the standard, energy and protein intake was (84.9 卤31.4) g, fat was not up to standard. The intake of ascorbic acid, vite and salt exceeded the standard, and the intake of iron reached the standard in each pregnancy, but the intake of calcium did not meet the standard of vitamin A, thiamine and riboflavin in the third trimester of pregnancy, but the intake of thiamine and riboflavin did not meet the standard during pregnancy. The qualified rate of nutritional knowledge among pregnant women of Han nationality in Urumqi was only 31.5%. Only 5.83% of pregnant women knew the contents of the Dietary Guide for Chinese residents, and the passing rate of nutritional knowledge existed in age. The difference of education level (P0. 05), but the difference of pass rate among different occupations was not obvious, 蠂 2 value was 4.057 (P0. 05). By multivariate Lgoistci regression analysis, the main influencing factors of nutritional knowledge cognition level were education level and family income. 62.8% pregnant women had picky food. Only 3.17% of the pregnant women knew how to arrange the diet during pregnancy. 66.7% of the pregnant women did not take health care products. 86.0% of the pregnant women took calcium preparations during pregnancy, while only 14.8% of the pregnant women took iron preparations and 97.8% of the pregnant women did not smoke. But 61.5% of pregnant women were passive smokers. 21.5% of pregnant women pay attention to nutrition and scientific diet, and 98.2% of pregnant women want to know about nutrition knowledge during pregnancy. Conclusion 1. Most of the food intake of Han pregnant women in Urumqi is not up to the standard. The unbalanced dietary structure should be adjusted to ensure the supply of nutrients. 2. The nutritional knowledge level of pregnant women in Han nationality is low, and the education level and family income are the main influencing factors. 3. There are some unhealthy eating behaviors such as partial eating, picky food, unreasonable diet arrangement, etc. It is suggested that pregnant women should strengthen the education of cultural quality, improve their health care consciousness, and guide good eating behavior.
【学位授予单位】：新疆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R173

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