2014-2016年天津市农村环境卫生健康危害因素调查

发布时间：2018-07-13 14:01

【摘要】：目的了解天津市农村环境卫生健康危害因素及动态变化,评价天津市农村环境卫生状况,为政府制定农村环境卫生的改善措施提供理论依据。方法 2014-2016年每年按照分层随机方法抽取2个区县的10个乡镇、40个行政村、200户农村家庭进行调查,采用统一的调查表,通过访谈、现场调查等方法收集相关资料和数据。结果天津农村家庭饮用的集中式供水水源以深井水为主,占96.3%,供水方式多为未处理,占76.5%;家庭厕所类型以卫生厕所为主,占63.3%,粪便处理方式以排入排水系统、沟塘河道(34.5%)和专人清运(32.4%)为主;82.3%的家庭垃圾丢弃至公共垃圾箱;污水排放方式以管道为主,占49.3%;70.0%的村开展灭鼠工作,村环境卫生经费投入较平稳。结论天津农村地区在供水处理、粪便处理等方面存在多种可能影响人群健康的环境危害因素,需进一步增加经费投入采取有效措施改善农村环境卫生现状。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the risk factors and dynamic changes of rural environmental health in Tianjin, evaluate the situation of rural environmental health in Tianjin, and provide theoretical basis for the government to formulate measures to improve rural environmental health. Methods according to stratified random method, 200 rural families in 40 administrative villages and villages were selected from 10 villages and towns in 2 districts and counties from 2014-2016 to collect relevant information and data by means of unified questionnaire, interview and field investigation. Results the centralized water supply source for rural households in Tianjin was mainly deep well water (96.3%), untreated water supply (76.5%), sanitary latrines (63.3%) and excrement treatment (63.3%), the main type of household latrines was sanitary latrines (63.3%), and the way of excrement treatment was to drain into the drainage system. 82.3% of the household garbage was discarded into public garbage bins in Goutang River (34.5%) and special transportation (32.4%), and the main way of sewage discharge was pipeline, which accounted for 70.0% of the villages to carry out rodent control work, and the investment of environmental health funds in the villages was relatively stable. Conclusion there are many kinds of environmental hazards which may affect the health of the population in the aspects of water supply treatment and fecal disposal in rural areas of Tianjin. It is necessary to further increase the expenditure and take effective measures to improve the present situation of environmental hygiene in rural areas.
【作者单位】：天津市疾病预防控制中心环境与健康室;
【基金】：天津市卫生计生委面上项目(2014KY22)基于疾病负担的农村改水措施效果评价研究
【分类号】：R127

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