郑州某超硬材料建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价

发布时间：2018-08-01 08:22

【摘要】：1.目的通过比较某超硬材料建设项目搬迁前后职业病危害的控制效果,探讨其搬迁后职业病危害控制效果的改善情况及影响因素,为今后职业病防治工作提供依据。 2.方法 2.1职业卫生调查包括生产过程卫生学的调查：调查生产工艺流程及项目运行的基本概况,从而确定生产过程中可能产生(或存在)的各种职业病危害的名称；作业环境卫生学情况的调查：调查项目选址及生产工艺、总平面布局、个人使用的防护用品、为防止或减轻职业病危害而设置的防护设施、应急救援装备和设施的配置情况；职业卫生管理情况的调查：包括职业卫生管理机构及人员的配置情况,职业卫生管理制度的制定及制度的具体落实情况,职业病危害的定期检测情况、劳动者的职业健康监护情况、职业卫生管理档案情况等。 2.2职业病危害因素检测在生产状态正常的情况下,依据《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》、《工作场所空气中粉尘测定》、《工作场所空气有毒物质测定》、《工作场所物理因素测量》、《照明测量方法》等规范、标准的规定,对该厂生产运行过程中可能产生(或存在)的各种职业病危害进行现场采样和实验室检测分析,对各种职业病危害的浓度(或强度)及生产车间设置的各种防护设施的防护效果进行评定。 3.结果检测结果方面：在搬迁前日常检测和搬迁后控制效果评价中,氨、硫酸、盐酸、氢氧化钠、工频电场的浓度或强度均符合国家规定的限值要求。粉尘、噪声为超标因素。混料工、压棒工、提纯工接触粉尘的TWA结果搬迁后低于搬迁前。混料工、压棒工接触噪声的8小时等效声级结果搬迁后比搬迁前低10分贝左右。搬迁后工种个体粉尘检测、岗位定点粉尘检测结果合格率均高于搬迁前,χ2分别为16.23、5.45,P0.05,差异有统计学意义。噪声8h等效连续声级检测结果搬迁前和搬迁后比较,x2=0.19,P0.05,差异无统计学意义。职业病防护设施方面：新建项目在搬迁前的基础上,进一步完善了职业病防护设施,在混料间和压制室安装了除尘器,并对后处理生产线的破碎、球磨实施湿式作业,在混料机和压棒机本身机壳加装了隔声罩。 4.结论新建项目工作场所存在的氨、硫酸、盐酸、氢氧化钠的浓度和工频电场的强度均符合国家规定的限值要求,粉尘、噪声为超标因素。和搬迁前相比,搬迁后粉尘和噪声职业病危害得到了改善,主要原因在于职业病防护设施的补充完善和湿式作业的实施。
[Abstract]:1. Objective to compare the control effect of occupational disease hazards before and after the relocation of a superhard material construction project, and to discuss the improvement of occupational disease hazard control effect and its influencing factors after relocation. To provide the basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in the future. 2. Methods 2.1 Occupational health survey included investigation of production process hygiene: investigation of production process flow and basic general situation of project operation. To determine the names of various occupational hazards that may occur (or exist) in the production process; to investigate the hygienic conditions of the working environment; to investigate the site selection and production process of the project, the general layout of the plan, and the protective articles used by individuals, The allocation of protective facilities, emergency rescue equipment and facilities for the prevention or mitigation of occupational disease hazards; investigation of occupational health management: including the allocation of occupational health management institutions and personnel, The establishment and implementation of the occupational health management system, the regular monitoring of occupational disease hazards, and the occupational health monitoring of workers, 2.2 Detection of occupational disease hazard factors under normal production conditions, According to "sampling Standard for Monitoring harmful substances in Workplace Air", "Dust Measurement in Workplace Air", "determination of toxic substances in Workplace Air", "physical Factor Measurement in Workplace", "Lighting Measurement method", etc. Field sampling and laboratory analysis of various occupational hazards that may occur (or exist) in the course of production and operation of the plant, The concentration (or intensity) of various occupational hazards and the protective effects of various protective facilities installed in the workshop were evaluated. Results: the concentration or strength of ammonia, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and power frequency electric field in routine detection before relocation and evaluation of control effect after relocation were all in accordance with the limit required by the state. Dust and noise are over standard factors. The TWA results of workers exposed to dust were lower than those before removal. The equivalent sound level after 8 hours of contact noise of compactor and bar is about 10 decibels lower than that before moving. After relocation, the qualified rate of dust detection at fixed point was higher than that before relocation, 蠂 2 was 16.2355.45 (P0.05), the difference was statistically significant. Noise 8 h equivalent continuous sound level test results were compared before and after the relocation, the difference was not statistically significant. Occupational disease protection facilities: on the basis of the relocation of the new project, the new project has further improved the occupational disease protection facilities, installed a dust collector in the mixing room and the compacting chamber, and has broken down the reprocessing production line and carried out wet operation in the ball mill. Sound isolating cover is installed in the housing of mixer and bar press. 4. Conclusion the concentration of ammonia, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and the intensity of power frequency electric field in the workplace of the newly built project are all in line with the limit required by the state, and the dust and noise are the factors of exceeding the standard. Compared with before relocation, dust and noise occupational hazards were improved after relocation, mainly due to the improvement of occupational disease protection facilities and the implementation of wet operation.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R135

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