脑力负荷下人因失误的实验研究

发布时间：2018-08-01 18:16

【摘要】：安全问题始终伴随着人类的发展进程,要提高安全管理水平,就需要对导致安全事故的原因进行深入研究,从而对源头进行控制。导致安全事故的原因多种多样,但人越来越成为其中的主角,人因失误在事故原因中扮演越来越主要的角色。人因失误的发生同样原因众多,但目前对脑力负荷导致人因失误的致因机理不甚了解,预测预防人因失误导致安全事故的措施更是少见。因此,有必要加强对人因失误相关问题的研究。先前的研究表明,脑力负荷是导致人因失误的重要原因,并有相关的证据表明这一结论的合理性。本文通过设计单任务和双任务对比实验,结合事件相关电位技术,考察在有无额外施加的脑力负荷情况下人的失误情况,并以此结果为基础挖掘脑力负荷导致人因失误的机理,以及不同决策反应下行为和脑电表征的差异。对行为数据的分析表明,在脑力负荷过高的情况下,人因失误更容易发生,且脑力负荷存在一定的阈值,超过阈值后人的作业业绩急剧下滑并维持在很低的水平。脑电数据的分析结果揭示了过高的脑力负荷导致人因失误的部分可能原因：在同样的任务难度下需要投入更多的脑力资源,以及进入任务准备状态时间的延长。结合行为数据和脑电数据,提出可以根据P300波幅和反应时鉴别虚报的决策行为,由此建议可以在导致严重的安全事故前实施纠正补救措施,从而预防人因事故的发生。最后,针对本文研究中存在的一些容易产生疑问的地方进行了辨析,总结了本文结论对安全管理的贡献,以及在实际应用方面的意义；并指出本文研究方面和实验设计方面的不足,为以后的进一步研究提出了一些思路。
[Abstract]:Safety problems are always accompanied by the development of human beings. In order to improve the level of safety management, it is necessary to deeply study the causes of safety accidents and control the source. There are a variety of reasons leading to safety accidents, but more and more people become the protagonists, and human errors play a more and more important role in the accidents. There are many reasons for human error, but at present, the mechanism of human error caused by mental load is not well understood, and it is rare to predict how to prevent human error from causing safety accident. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the study of human error related problems. Previous studies have shown that mental load is an important cause of human error, and there is evidence to justify this conclusion. In this paper, by designing single-task and dual-task comparative experiments and combining with event-related potential technique, we investigate the human error under the condition of additional mental load, and explore the mechanism of human error caused by brainpower load on the basis of the results. And the difference of behavior and EEG under different decision-making reaction. The analysis of behavior data shows that human errors are more likely to occur when the mental load is too high, and there is a certain threshold of mental load, beyond which the work performance of later generations drops sharply and remains at a very low level. The results of EEG data analysis reveal that too much mental load may lead to human error: more mental resources need to be invested in the same task difficulty, and the time to get into the task preparation state is prolonged. Based on the behavioral data and EEG data, the decision behaviors which can be identified according to the amplitude and reaction time of P300 wave are proposed. It is suggested that corrective and remedial measures can be implemented before causing serious safety accidents, thus preventing the occurrence of human accidents. At last, the paper analyzes some problems in the research, summarizes the contribution of the conclusions to safety management, and the significance in practical application. It also points out the deficiency of the research and experimental design in this paper, and puts forward some ideas for further research.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X912.9;R131

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