安吉县居民环境与健康素养现状及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-08-18 10:05

【摘要】：研究目的:国家环境保护部于2013年发布《中国公民环境与健康素养(试行)》,对公民环境与健康素养的内容进行了界定,也为评价现阶段公众环境与健康素养现状提供了基本参照。本研究在探讨环境与健康素养内涵的基础上,尝试研制环境与健康素养评价问卷,并选择安吉县作为调研现场,通过开展居民环境与健康素养现状调查,科学、准确地评估居民的环境与健康素养水平,探索居民环境与健康素养可能的影响因素,从而针对调查结果提出合理的措施和建议,为政府制定提升居民环境与健康素养水平的相关政策提供参考依据。研究方法:(1)在文献综述的基础上,对环境与健康素养的内涵进行界定。(2)在内涵界定的基础上,结合《中国公民环境与健康素养(试行)》的内容,构建环境与健康素养调查问卷的基本框架并设计具体的条目,通过预调查,形成本研究所需的调查问卷。(3)以安吉县常住人口作为研究对象,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,利用自编环境与健康素养问卷实施入户调查,共调查946名居民,获得居民环境与健康素养基本理念、基本知识、基本行为和基本技能四个维度的得分以及总得分。(4)运用SPSS20.0统计软件对收集的数据进行信效度检验、描述性分析、t检验、单因素方差分析、多重线性回归分析等,从而检验问卷的科学性、评价居民环境与健康素养水平以及探索环境与健康素养的影响因素。研究结果:(1)共发放调查问卷1000份,回收有效问卷946份,有效率94.60%。被调查人群中,来自农村地区的居民较多,男女比例均衡,平均年龄41.82岁,文化程度以初中和高中居多,农民为主,多为已婚,家庭平均月收入多处于2000~6000元。(2)信度分析结果显示,问卷总体的sCronbach'a系数为0.777,且除基本理念维度外,其余三个维度的sCronbach'a系数均0.6。相关性分析显示,问卷各维度得分与总得分的相关系数介于0.478~0.790,且均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。因子分析结果显示,KMO值为0.766,Bartlett球形检验具有统计学意义(P0.05),提取的4个公因子可解释58.099%的方差变异。(3)安吉县居民环境与健康素养得分的百分制平均分为72.06±10.42,环境与健康素养总的具备率为25.4%,四个分维度素养的百分制得分以及具备率由高到低依次为:基本理念(79.67±14.19,52.1%)、基本知识(74.01±13.89,34.2%)、基本行为(70.43±14.64,29.1%)、基本技能(52.89±29.86,27.3%)。(4)独立样本t检验结果显示,不同地区的居民在基本理念、知识、技能上的得分差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),且农村高于城镇。单因素方差分析显示,不同年龄、文化程度、职业、婚姻状况以及家庭平均月收入的居民在基本理念、知识、技能三个维度得分以及总得分的差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。(5)多重线性逐步回归分析显示,年龄(β=-0.109)、文化程度(β=0.089)、职业(β=-0.072)(P值均0.05)为环境与健康素养的重要影响因素,在控制了人口学变量后,环境与健康素养主要受基本知识(β=0.383,P0.05)和基本行为(β=0.668,P0.05)的影响。年龄(β=-0.187)、文化程度(β=0.104)、职业(β=0.102)和月收入(β=0.131)(P值均0.05)是基本理念素养的重要影响因素;基本知识素养的影响因素包括年龄(β=-0.103)、文化程度(β=0.233)、月收入(β=0.076)(P值均0.05);基本行为素养受到年龄(β=0.065)(P0.05)的影响;年龄(β=-0.157)、文化程度(β=0.215)、职业(β=-0.080)、婚姻状况(β=0.139)(P值均0.05)为基本技能素养的重要影响因素。研究结论:(1)自编环境与健康素养调查问卷的信度和效度可以接受,进一步完善后可为日后环境与健康素养的测评工作提供参考。(2)安吉县居民环境与健康素养总的具备率为25.4%,但依然有很大的提升空间。居民基本理念素养的具备率最高,其次为基本知识素养和基本行为素养,基本技能素养的具备率最低,今后可从强化居民的基本理念入手,加强居民基本知识的学习和基本技能的掌握,以引导居民行为的转变。(3)安吉县居民的环境与健康素养与基本知识、基本行为密切相关,影响两者的主要因素为年龄、文化程度和月收入水平,今后应根据人群的人口学背景以及具备各维度素养的特点制定环境与健康素养的针对性提升措施。
[Abstract]:Research purposes: In 2013, the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued the "Environment and Health Literacy of Chinese Citizens (Trial Implementation)". It defined the content of citizen's environment and health literacy, and provided basic reference for evaluating the current situation of public environment and health literacy. The questionnaire of environmental and health literacy evaluation was used to select Anji County as the investigation site. Through the investigation of the status quo of residents'environmental and health literacy, the level of residents' environmental and health literacy was assessed scientifically and accurately, and the possible influencing factors of residents'environmental and health literacy were explored. The reasonable measures and suggestions were put forward for the government. Methods: (1) On the basis of literature review, the connotation of environment and health literacy was defined. (2) On the basis of connotation definition, a questionnaire on environment and health literacy was constructed combining with the contents of . The basic framework and specific items were designed to form the questionnaire for this study through pre-survey. (3) Taking the permanent population of Anji County as the research object, a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to conduct a household survey with a self-compiled questionnaire on environment and health literacy. A total of 946 residents were investigated to obtain the residents'environmental and health literacy. (4) SPSS20.0 statistical software was used to test the reliability and validity of the collected data, descriptive analysis, t test, one-way ANOVA, multiple linear regression analysis and so on, so as to test the scientificity of the questionnaire and evaluate the residents'environmental and health literacy. Results: (1) A total of 1 000 questionnaires were sent out and 946 valid questionnaires were retrieved, with an effective rate of 94.60%. Among the investigated population, there were more residents from rural areas, with a balanced sex ratio, with an average age of 41.82 years. Most of them were junior and senior middle school students, and most of them were farmers, mostly married. The average monthly income of the family was between 2000 and 6000 yuan. (2) The reliability analysis showed that the sCronbach'a coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.777, and the sCronbach'a coefficient of the other three dimensions was 0.6 except the basic concept dimension. Factor analysis showed that KMO value was 0.766, and Bartlett spherical test had statistical significance (P 0.05). The four common factors could explain 58.099% of variance variation. (3) The average percentage of environmental and health literacy scores of residents in Anji County was 72.06 + 10.42, and the total possession rate of environmental and health literacy was 25.4%. The percentile score and possession rate were 79.67 (+ 14.19, 52.1%), 74.01 (+ 13.89, 34.2%), 70.43 (+ 14.64, 29.1%) and 52.89 (+ 29.86, 27.3%) respectively. There was statistical significance (P 0.05), and the rural areas were higher than the urban areas. One-way ANOVA showed that residents of different ages, educational level, occupation, marital status and average monthly family income had significant differences in the scores of basic concepts, knowledge, skills and total scores in the three dimensions (P 0.05). (5) Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that there were significant differences in the scores. Age (beta = - 0.109), education level (beta = - 0.089), occupation (beta = - 0.072) (P value 0.05) were the important influencing factors of environment and health literacy. After controlling demographic variables, environment and health literacy were mainly influenced by basic knowledge (beta = 0.383, P 0.05) and basic behavior (beta = 0.668, P 0.05). Age (beta = - 0.187), education level (beta = 0.104), occupation (beta = 0.104). 0.102) and monthly income (beta = 0.131) (P value is 0.05) are the important influencing factors of basic concept literacy; the influencing factors of basic knowledge literacy include age (beta = - 0.103), education level (beta = 0.233), monthly income (beta = 0.076) (P value is 0.05); basic behavior literacy is affected by age (beta = 0.065) (P 0.05); age (beta = - 0.157), education level (beta = 0.215), position. Industry (beta = - 0.080), marital status (beta = - 0.139) (P = 0.05) were the important influencing factors of basic skills literacy. Research conclusions: (1) The reliability and validity of the self-compiled questionnaire on environment and health literacy were acceptable, which could provide reference for future environmental and health literacy evaluation. (2) Environmental and health literacy of residents in Anji County. The overall possession rate is 25.4%, but there is still much room for improvement. The residents'basic ideological accomplishment has the highest possession rate, followed by basic knowledge accomplishment and basic behavior accomplishment. The possession rate of basic skills accomplishment is the lowest. In the future, we can start with strengthening the residents' basic ideas, and strengthen the residents'basic knowledge and basic skills mastery. (3) The environment and health literacy of residents in Anji County are closely related to basic knowledge and behavior, and the main factors affecting them are age, education level and monthly income level. Shi.
【学位授予单位】：杭州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R12
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本文编号：2189137

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