某汽车制造厂主要职业危害因素及其对作业工人心血管系统的影响
发布时间：2018-08-24 09:34
【摘要】：背景目前我国有4000多家汽车制造企业,每年生产制造的各类汽车超过千万部。在汽车生产制造过程中,可产生数十种职业危害因素。2005~2006年间,以全国32家汽车工业企业作为研究对象进行调查,揭示了工作场所存在的职业危害因素。其中噪声、生产性粉尘、化学毒物和高温等因素为汽车制造企业目前存在的主要职业危害因素。噪声对人体可产生多种不良影响,尤其是对听觉系统的特异性损害已被人们所公认。此外,长期接触噪声,对人体内分泌系统、免疫系统、心血管等系统也可造成一定程度的损害。长期暴露粉尘,尤其超细颗粒(UFP)粉尘,可引起呼吸道炎症,甚至尘肺;粉尘还可透过气血屏障,进入血液循环,引起动脉粥样硬化、缺血性心脏病、心律失常等一系列心脑血管疾病,导致其发病率和死亡率明显增高。汽车制造过程中,焊接等作业岗位在作业过程中会长期接触低水平的锰烟(尘)职业有害因素,可引起职业性慢性中毒。本课题调查某汽车制造厂职业危害因素现状,重点探讨作业场所内职业有害因素对作业工人心血管系统的影响。目的揭示汽车制造厂车间内主要职业危害因素现状;重点分析生产车间内职业有害因素对作业工人心血管系统的影响。方法依据国家职业卫生标准要求,对长春市某汽车制造厂作业场所内的职业危害现状进行调查,对作业环境进行检测和初步评价。根据职业因素暴露情况,选取车间未接受职业暴露的278名后勤人员作为对照组;选取不同作业车间,不同工作岗位742名一线作业人员作为暴露组。两组人员就业前均体检健康,无心血管疾病史。按照职业健康体检的要求,对作业场所内作业工人的健康现状进行调查,重点检测血压和心电图变化。血压测定方法:安静状态下,检测者取坐位,测量右侧肱动脉血压,参照《1999年世界卫生组织和国际高血压联盟(WHO/ISH)》规定的标准,收缩压≥140mmhg和/或舒张压≥90mmhg为高血压病。心电图测量方法:安静环境中记录常规9导联心电图,诊断标准参照黄宛《临床心电图》进行诊断。统计学分析采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。血压异常情况、心电图异常情况采用计数资料,计数资料用百分率表示,组间比较采用卡方检验;计量资料用sx?表示,收缩压和舒张压检测结果为计量资料,采用t检验进行比较,检验水准ɑ=0.05。结果1.主要职业危害因素:该汽车制造厂生产车间内,锰及无机化合物以及噪声为主要职业危害因素。锰及无机化合物在二氧化碳保护焊工作岗位超标率为20%,在弧焊工工作岗位超标率25%。而噪声在二氧化碳保护焊工作岗位超标率为62%,在弧焊工工作岗位的超标率25%。其余其他粉尘、碳氧化物、氮氧化物、苯系物、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、臭氧等因素指标在国家范围内。2.收缩压和舒张压异常:按照年龄分层,对照组和暴露组内各年龄组收缩压、舒张压分别具有统计学差异(P0.05)。暴露组收缩压在30岁和30-岁年龄段均高于对照组(P0.05),但40-岁、50-60岁年龄组暴露组与对照组无差异(P0.05)。暴露组舒张压在30岁、30-岁、40-岁年龄段均较对照组高(P0.05),但在50-60岁年龄段,暴露组和对照组之间无统计学差异(P0.05)。按照工龄分层,对照组和暴露组内各工龄组在收缩压、舒张压均有明显差异(P0.05)。暴露组收缩压在10-、15-年工龄段均较对照组高(P0.05),但在1、5-、20-、40-年工龄段,暴露组与对照组间无显著差异(P0.05);暴露组舒张压在5-、10-、20-年工龄段均较对照组明显升高(P0.05),但两组在1-、15-、40-年工龄段舒张压无明显差异(P0.05)。按工种分层,暴露组各工种收缩压、舒张压均较对照组显著升高(P0.05)。3.心电图异常结果:按照年龄分层,对照组各年龄层之间心电图异常率有明显差别(P0.05),但暴露组各年龄层间则无统计学差异(P0.05)。按照工龄分层,暴露组心电图异常率与对照组相比均无统计学差异(P0.05)。4.高血压患病率比较:按照年龄、工龄分层,暴露组与对照组患病率无明显差异(P0.05);但按照性别比较,暴露组高血压患病率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论1.该汽车制造厂生产车间内,噪声、粉尘、锰及无机化合物是主要的职业性危害因素。2.暴露组和对照组心电图异常率无显著差异。3.职业暴露有害因素可显著增加了职业人群的高血压患病率。暴露组收缩压和舒张压的改变与年龄及工龄有关,表现为工龄10-20年以及年龄40岁以下的暴露个人收缩压、舒张压均较对照组明显升高。
[Abstract]:Background At present, there are more than 4000 automobile manufacturing enterprises in China, and more than 10 million automobiles are produced every year. There are dozens of occupational hazards in the process of automobile manufacturing. From 2005 to 2006, 32 automobile industrial enterprises in China were investigated and the occupational hazards in the workplace were revealed. Noise, productive dust, chemical poisons and high temperatures are the major occupational hazards in automobile manufacturing enterprises. Noise can have a variety of adverse effects on the human body, especially the specific impairment of the auditory system. In addition, long-term exposure to noise, on the human body's secretory system, immune system, cardiovascular system. Long-term exposure to dust, especially ultrafine particle (UFP) dust, can cause respiratory inflammation, even pneumoconiosis; dust can also enter the blood circulation through the air-blood barrier, causing atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia and a series of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, leading to its morbidity and mortality. In the process of automobile manufacturing, welding and other jobs will be exposed to low levels of Manganese Fume (dust) occupational hazards for a long time, which may cause occupational chronic poisoning. This paper investigates the status of occupational hazards in an automobile factory, focusing on the occupational hazards in the workplace on the cardiovascular system of workers. OBJECTIVE To reveal the status quo of major occupational hazards in the workshop of an automobile manufacturer, and to analyze the influence of occupational hazards on cardiovascular system of workers. According to the exposure of occupational factors, 278 logisticians were selected as the control group, 742 frontline workers from different workshops and different jobs were selected as the exposure group. To investigate the health status of workers in the workplace, and to examine the changes of blood pressure and electrocardiogram. Methods of electrocardiogram measurement: Routine 9-lead electrocardiogram was recorded in quiet environment. Diagnostic criteria were made according to Huang Wan < clinical electrocardiogram >. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results 1. Major occupational hazards: Manganese and inorganic compounds and noise were the main occupational hazards in the workshop of the automobile factory. Manganese and inorganic compounds were the second. The rate of exceeding standard in carbon dioxide shielded welding is 20%, in arc welding is 25%. The rate of noise exceeding standard in carbon dioxide shielded welding is 62%, in arc welding is 25%. Other dust, carbon oxide, nitrogen oxide, benzene series, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ozone and other factors are in the national standard. Peripheral. 2. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure abnormalities: According to age stratification, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of each age group in the control group and the exposed group were statistically different (P 0.05). The systolic blood pressure of the exposed group was higher than that of the control group at the age of 30 and 30-year-old (P 0.05), but there was no difference between the exposed group and the control group (P 0.05). Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly different between the exposed group and the control group (P 0.05). The systolic blood pressure in the exposed group was higher than that in the control group (P 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the exposed group and the control group in 1,5-, 20-, 40-year working age (P 0.05); the diastolic blood pressure of the exposed group was significantly higher in 5-, 10-, 20-year working age than that of the control group (P 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in 1-, 15-, 40-year working age (P 0.05). Results: According to age stratification, the abnormal rate of ECG in the control group was significantly different (P 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the exposed group and the control group (P 0.05). According to age stratification, the abnormal rate of ECG in the exposed group had no statistical difference compared with the control group (P 0.05). 4. The prevalence of hypertension in the exposed group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P 0.05). Conclusion 1. Noise, dust, manganese and inorganic compounds were the main occupational hazards in the workshop of the automobile factory. The changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the exposed group were related to age and age. The changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the exposed group were significantly higher than those in the control group.
【学位授予单位】：新乡医学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R135
本文编号：2200407
[Abstract]:Background At present, there are more than 4000 automobile manufacturing enterprises in China, and more than 10 million automobiles are produced every year. There are dozens of occupational hazards in the process of automobile manufacturing. From 2005 to 2006, 32 automobile industrial enterprises in China were investigated and the occupational hazards in the workplace were revealed. Noise, productive dust, chemical poisons and high temperatures are the major occupational hazards in automobile manufacturing enterprises. Noise can have a variety of adverse effects on the human body, especially the specific impairment of the auditory system. In addition, long-term exposure to noise, on the human body's secretory system, immune system, cardiovascular system. Long-term exposure to dust, especially ultrafine particle (UFP) dust, can cause respiratory inflammation, even pneumoconiosis; dust can also enter the blood circulation through the air-blood barrier, causing atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia and a series of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, leading to its morbidity and mortality. In the process of automobile manufacturing, welding and other jobs will be exposed to low levels of Manganese Fume (dust) occupational hazards for a long time, which may cause occupational chronic poisoning. This paper investigates the status of occupational hazards in an automobile factory, focusing on the occupational hazards in the workplace on the cardiovascular system of workers. OBJECTIVE To reveal the status quo of major occupational hazards in the workshop of an automobile manufacturer, and to analyze the influence of occupational hazards on cardiovascular system of workers. According to the exposure of occupational factors, 278 logisticians were selected as the control group, 742 frontline workers from different workshops and different jobs were selected as the exposure group. To investigate the health status of workers in the workplace, and to examine the changes of blood pressure and electrocardiogram. Methods of electrocardiogram measurement: Routine 9-lead electrocardiogram was recorded in quiet environment. Diagnostic criteria were made according to Huang Wan < clinical electrocardiogram >. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results 1. Major occupational hazards: Manganese and inorganic compounds and noise were the main occupational hazards in the workshop of the automobile factory. Manganese and inorganic compounds were the second. The rate of exceeding standard in carbon dioxide shielded welding is 20%, in arc welding is 25%. The rate of noise exceeding standard in carbon dioxide shielded welding is 62%, in arc welding is 25%. Other dust, carbon oxide, nitrogen oxide, benzene series, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ozone and other factors are in the national standard. Peripheral. 2. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure abnormalities: According to age stratification, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of each age group in the control group and the exposed group were statistically different (P 0.05). The systolic blood pressure of the exposed group was higher than that of the control group at the age of 30 and 30-year-old (P 0.05), but there was no difference between the exposed group and the control group (P 0.05). Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly different between the exposed group and the control group (P 0.05). The systolic blood pressure in the exposed group was higher than that in the control group (P 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the exposed group and the control group in 1,5-, 20-, 40-year working age (P 0.05); the diastolic blood pressure of the exposed group was significantly higher in 5-, 10-, 20-year working age than that of the control group (P 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in 1-, 15-, 40-year working age (P 0.05). Results: According to age stratification, the abnormal rate of ECG in the control group was significantly different (P 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the exposed group and the control group (P 0.05). According to age stratification, the abnormal rate of ECG in the exposed group had no statistical difference compared with the control group (P 0.05). 4. The prevalence of hypertension in the exposed group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P 0.05). Conclusion 1. Noise, dust, manganese and inorganic compounds were the main occupational hazards in the workshop of the automobile factory. The changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the exposed group were related to age and age. The changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the exposed group were significantly higher than those in the control group.
【学位授予单位】：新乡医学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R135
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 李萌萌;周脉耕;张霞;黄季夏;白莉;桑少伟;张济;刘起勇;;济南市4个区气温对非意外死亡及死因别死亡的影响[J];中华流行病学杂志;2014年06期
2 姜淑慧;;一氧化碳的双重生物学效应概述[J];生物学教学;2013年05期
3 何长春;鲜莉;杨俊;李洁;;某汽车制造企业工人职业健康体检结果和分析[J];中外医学研究;2012年20期
4 陈晓华;朱林平;黎丹倩;梁勇;;噪声对轧钢工人心血管系统的影响[J];职业与健康;2012年11期
5 岳颖;金军;刘建卫;屈超超;郭义;;急性一氧化碳中毒急救的研究进展[J];中国中医急症;2012年04期
6 刘力生;;中国高血压防治指南2010[J];中华高血压杂志;2011年08期
7 张莉;张文勇;杨跃林;;某汽车制造企业的职业危害因素研究[J];现代预防医学;2011年11期
8 沈阳;;粉尘与噪声对心血管系统联合影响探讨[J];淮海医药;2011年02期
9 许国耀;张萍;李瑞芳;孙建娅;郑金平;;炼钢工人高血压及代谢综合征的调查分析[J];中西医结合心脑血管病杂志;2010年05期
10 曾玉宇;吴家兵;姚道华;祁成;梅勇;吴磊;;汽车车身制造厂卫生防护距离的研讨[J];公共卫生与预防医学;2010年01期
，本文编号：2200407
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/yixuelunwen/yufangyixuelunwen/2200407.html
