天津居民营养状况与相关慢性病影响因素的研究

发布时间：2018-08-30 13:44

【摘要】：目的:本研究旨在通过分析饮食行为、生活方式及主要慢性病相关流行病学调查数据,掌握天津居民营养与健康状况,并探讨和评估主要慢性病影响因素水平,为深入开展全民健康生活方式行动工作及政府部门制定我市营养与健康状况相关政策提供依据。方法:2010-2012年连续三年分别以河西区、北辰区及静海区作为城区、郊区及农村监测点开展调查工作,采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,从3个监测点中分别抽取6个居委会/村委会,每个居委会/村委会中随机抽取75户,户中所有常住家庭成员共计4028人参与调查。内容包括询问调查、膳食调查、医学体检和实验室检测。运用SPSS18.0软件,按照数据分布特点,采用χ2检验、t检验、非条件logistic回归等统计方法进行分析。结果:与《中国居民膳食指南(2016)》中各类食物推荐摄入量相比,天津居民总体膳食结构中畜禽类、蛋类摄入量符合标准。水果、鱼虾、奶、豆类及坚果摄入量明显偏低。谷薯杂豆类、烹调油摄入量稍高于推荐量,烹调用食盐摄入量为10.81g,几乎达到了推荐量的两倍。经常锻炼率仅为15.5%,男性高于女性,儿童青少年(6~17岁)经常锻炼率及锻炼时间均为最高,其他各年龄组锻炼率和锻炼时间随年龄增长呈升高趋势。平均每天闲暇静坐活动时间3.04小时,糖尿病和血脂异常患者的静坐时间均明显超过正常人群。睡眠不足的比例为35.6%,男性高于女性,儿童青少年组明显高于其他年龄组。中年人群现在吸烟率最高,为35.4%;女性标化吸烟率达到9.0%,远高于2010年全国成年女性吸烟率(2.4%),被动吸烟率随年龄增长逐渐减少,其中青少年组最高,达到57.0%。现在饮酒率为32.2%,且随年龄增长而升高,45~59岁组最高(38.7%),但60岁及以上组开始下降为27.3%,男性(55.9%)明显高于女性(12.6%)。标化超重率由2002年的39.1%下降到37.2%。标化肥胖率为29.0%,较2002年(20.6%)有明显增长。中心性肥胖标化患病率达到64.3%,随年龄增长而增加;青年组男性高于女性,老年组女性高于男性。高血压标化患病率为34.9%,比2002年的39.3%有所下降,男性(44.3%)高于女性(35.7%),患病率随年龄增加而上升,且发病年龄趋于年轻化。糖尿病标化患病率为12.0%,比2002年增长了2.7%,且随年龄增加而上升,老年组最高,达到25.0%。血脂异常标化患病率为27.2%,2002年为26.2%,小幅上升1.0%,男性高于女性。经二分类logistic回归分析结果显示:TC(升高)、TG(升高)、油脂摄入(30g/标准人日)等是超重/肥胖的危险因素,而HDL-C升高有保护作用;年龄(中老年)、家族史、性别(男性)、TC(升高)、TG(边缘升高)、吸烟、睡眠不足等因素是高血压的危险因素,地区(郊区相对于城区)、经济收入(中等)则对高血压有保护作用;家族史、地区(郊区相对于城区)、年龄(中老年)、TC(升高)、TG(升高)、高血压、睡眠不足、久坐、BMI(肥胖)、中心型肥胖等因素是糖尿病的危险因素;男性、超重、肥胖、糖尿病、久坐是血脂异常的危险因素,而锻炼是其保护因素。结论:2010-2012年天津居民食物消费种类广泛,但蔬菜、水果、奶、豆类及坚果摄入量偏低,食盐、油脂摄入量均超过推荐量。居民闲暇时间经常锻炼率偏低,老年人经常锻炼率和锻炼时间均高于中年人和青年人,儿童青少年组睡眠不足比例明显高于其他年龄组。女性烟草使用远高于全国同期水平,青少年组被动吸烟率最高。中年组男性现在吸烟率和饮酒率均处在全市最高水平。慢性病患病方面,超重、高血压患病率与2002年相比有所下降,而肥胖、糖尿病、血脂异常患病率则不同程度增长。年龄(中老年)、性别(男性)、油脂摄入超标、吸烟、久坐等分别为一种或多种慢性病危险因素。慢性病防治应从改变不良生活方式开始,加强“合理膳食、适量运动、戒烟限酒”的主题健康促进,降低慢性病的发病率和由此带来的疾病负担。
[Abstract]:Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the nutritional and health status of Tianjin residents by analyzing the epidemiological data of dietary behavior, lifestyle and major chronic diseases, and to explore and evaluate the influencing factors of major chronic diseases, so as to carry out the action of healthy lifestyle for all and formulate the nutritional and health status of Tianjin by government departments. Methods: For three consecutive years from 2010 to 2012, Hexi District, Beichen District and Jinghai District were selected as urban, suburban and rural monitoring points to carry out the investigation. Six neighborhood committees/village committees were selected from three monitoring points by multi-stage cluster random sampling method, and 75 households were randomly selected from each neighborhood committee/village committee. A total of 4028 permanent family members participated in the survey, including questionnaires, dietary surveys, medical examinations and laboratory tests. According to the distribution characteristics of the data, _2 test, t test and unconditional logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The data were compared with those in the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2016). The intake of fruits, fish, shrimp, milk, beans and nuts was obviously lower than the recommended intake. The intake of grains, potatoes, legumes, cooking oil was slightly higher than the recommended intake. The intake of cooking salt was 10.81g, almost twice the recommended intake. The rate of regular exercise was only 15.5%, and the intake of men was lower. Children and adolescents (6-17 years old) had the highest rate of regular exercise and exercise time. The exercise rate and time of other age groups increased with age. The average daily leisure meditation time was 3.04 hours. The meditation time of patients with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia was significantly longer than that of normal people. The smoking rate of middle-aged people is the highest, 35.4%; the standardized smoking rate of women is 9.0%, much higher than the smoking rate of adult women (2.4%) in 2010. The passive smoking rate decreases gradually with the increase of age, and the drinking rate of teenagers is the highest (57.0%). The standardized overweight rate decreased from 39.1% in 2002 to 37.2%. The standardized obesity rate increased from 29.0% in 2002 to 20.6% in 2002. The prevalence rate of central obesity was 64.3% and increased with age. The standardized prevalence of hypertension was 34.9%, lower than 39.3% in 2002, higher in men (44.3%) than in women (35.7%). The prevalence increased with age and tended to be younger. The standardized prevalence of dyslipidemia was 27.2%, 26.2% in 2002, a slight increase of 1.0% in men, higher than in women. Age (middle-aged), family history, gender (male), TC (elevated), TG (marginal elevation), smoking, lack of sleep and other factors are risk factors for hypertension, regional (suburban relative to urban), economic income (medium) is protective of hypertension; family history, regional (suburban relative to urban), age (middle-aged and old), TC (elevated), TG (elevated), hypertension, sleep. Insufficient sleep, sedentary, BMI (obesity), central obesity and other factors are risk factors for diabetes. Male, overweight, obesity, diabetes, sedentary are risk factors for dyslipidemia, and exercise is the protective factor. Conclusion: Tianjin residents consume a wide range of food in 2010-2012, but low intake of vegetables, fruits, milk, beans and nuts, salt, fat. The rate of regular exercise in the leisure time of the residents was lower than that of the middle-aged and young people. The proportion of children and adolescents with insufficient sleep was significantly higher than that of other age groups. The prevalence of chronic diseases, overweight, hypertension and obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia increased to varying degrees compared with 2002. Age (middle-aged and elderly), sex (male), excessive oil intake, smoking, sedentary and so on are one or more chronic disease risks, respectively. Risk factors. Prevention and treatment of chronic diseases should start with changing unhealthy lifestyle, strengthening the theme of "reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking and alcohol restriction" health promotion, reducing the incidence of chronic diseases and the resulting burden of disease.
【学位授予单位】：天津医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R151.42

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