天津居民营养状况与相关慢性病影响因素的研究
[Abstract]:Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the nutritional and health status of Tianjin residents by analyzing the epidemiological data of dietary behavior, lifestyle and major chronic diseases, and to explore and evaluate the influencing factors of major chronic diseases, so as to carry out the action of healthy lifestyle for all and formulate the nutritional and health status of Tianjin by government departments. Methods: For three consecutive years from 2010 to 2012, Hexi District, Beichen District and Jinghai District were selected as urban, suburban and rural monitoring points to carry out the investigation. Six neighborhood committees/village committees were selected from three monitoring points by multi-stage cluster random sampling method, and 75 households were randomly selected from each neighborhood committee/village committee. A total of 4028 permanent family members participated in the survey, including questionnaires, dietary surveys, medical examinations and laboratory tests. According to the distribution characteristics of the data, _2 test, t test and unconditional logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The data were compared with those in the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2016). The intake of fruits, fish, shrimp, milk, beans and nuts was obviously lower than the recommended intake. The intake of grains, potatoes, legumes, cooking oil was slightly higher than the recommended intake. The intake of cooking salt was 10.81g, almost twice the recommended intake. The rate of regular exercise was only 15.5%, and the intake of men was lower. Children and adolescents (6-17 years old) had the highest rate of regular exercise and exercise time. The exercise rate and time of other age groups increased with age. The average daily leisure meditation time was 3.04 hours. The meditation time of patients with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia was significantly longer than that of normal people. The smoking rate of middle-aged people is the highest, 35.4%; the standardized smoking rate of women is 9.0%, much higher than the smoking rate of adult women (2.4%) in 2010. The passive smoking rate decreases gradually with the increase of age, and the drinking rate of teenagers is the highest (57.0%). The standardized overweight rate decreased from 39.1% in 2002 to 37.2%. The standardized obesity rate increased from 29.0% in 2002 to 20.6% in 2002. The prevalence rate of central obesity was 64.3% and increased with age. The standardized prevalence of hypertension was 34.9%, lower than 39.3% in 2002, higher in men (44.3%) than in women (35.7%). The prevalence increased with age and tended to be younger. The standardized prevalence of dyslipidemia was 27.2%, 26.2% in 2002, a slight increase of 1.0% in men, higher than in women. Age (middle-aged), family history, gender (male), TC (elevated), TG (marginal elevation), smoking, lack of sleep and other factors are risk factors for hypertension, regional (suburban relative to urban), economic income (medium) is protective of hypertension; family history, regional (suburban relative to urban), age (middle-aged and old), TC (elevated), TG (elevated), hypertension, sleep. Insufficient sleep, sedentary, BMI (obesity), central obesity and other factors are risk factors for diabetes. Male, overweight, obesity, diabetes, sedentary are risk factors for dyslipidemia, and exercise is the protective factor. Conclusion: Tianjin residents consume a wide range of food in 2010-2012, but low intake of vegetables, fruits, milk, beans and nuts, salt, fat. The rate of regular exercise in the leisure time of the residents was lower than that of the middle-aged and young people. The proportion of children and adolescents with insufficient sleep was significantly higher than that of other age groups. The prevalence of chronic diseases, overweight, hypertension and obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia increased to varying degrees compared with 2002. Age (middle-aged and elderly), sex (male), excessive oil intake, smoking, sedentary and so on are one or more chronic disease risks, respectively. Risk factors. Prevention and treatment of chronic diseases should start with changing unhealthy lifestyle, strengthening the theme of "reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking and alcohol restriction" health promotion, reducing the incidence of chronic diseases and the resulting burden of disease.
【学位授予单位】:天津医科大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:R151.42
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