CT低剂量扫描在OSAHS患者上气道形态与功能变化中的应用
发布时间:2018-01-21 21:21
本文关键词: 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 CT低剂量扫描 上气道形态 咽壁顺应性 出处:《华中科技大学》2012年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文
【摘要】:目的: 应用128层螺旋CT在不影响OSAHS患者CT图像质量的前提下,探讨最佳的低剂量扫描方案。并对OSAHS患者上气道形态及咽壁顺应性的改变进行研究。 材料和方法: 第一部分:将40例OSAHS患者随机分为两组,使用Siemens DefinitionAS+128层螺旋CT分别以管电压100kV(n=20)及80kV(n=20)在三种呼吸状态下(平静呼吸状态,Müller动作呼吸状态,下颌前伸呼吸状态)进行CT扫描,,两组均使用管电流调节技术(Care Dose4D)。记录每位患者平均管电流(mAs)、容积剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)、并计算有效剂量(ED),从而比较两组患者辐射剂量。测量每位患者颏棘水平胸锁乳突肌感兴趣区(ROI)的SD值代表图像噪声,并对图像质量进行主观评分,从主客观两个方面对两组图像质量的进行比较。 第二部分:运用由实验一得出的最佳扫描方案,49例OSAHS患者均行平静呼吸及Müller动作状态下上气道扫描。将所有患者CT扫描所获得的原始图像传至后处理工作站进行图像重组,分别测量两种呼吸状态下软腭后区及舌后区最小截面积,及此层面气道前后径(AP)、左右径(L),并计算咽侧壁、前后壁顺应性、AP/L的比值。测量两种呼吸状态下软腭长度,计算软腭后区及总气道的平均容积。 结果: 第一部分:80kV组CTDIvol=8.670.32mGy、DLP=95.756.60mGy cm、ED=1.060.04mSv,100kV组CTDIvol=18.650.99mGy、DLP=425.5025.84mGy cm、ED=2.300.14mSv,80kV组CTDIvol、DLP、ED均小于100kV,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);80kV组平均管电流低于100kV组,分别为155.35.75、157.78.31mAs,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。80kV组图像客观噪声(SD值)高于100kV组,分别为8.581.82、6.030.69HU,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),但80kV与100kV组图像质量主观评分分别为2.600.50、2.850.37分,差异未见明显统计学意义(P=0.080),均满足诊断要求。 第二部分:平静呼吸时软腭后区及舌后区最小截面积,软腭后区前后径、左右径,舌后区左右径,气道及软腭后区平均容积,软腭长度分别为0.470.21cm~2、1.310.55cm~2、6.442.33cm、9.844.00cm、14.526.83cm、2.150.69cm~3/cm、0.610.27cm~3/cm、4.180.46cm。Müller动作时上述参数分别为0.140.16cm~2、0.900.56cm~2、3.823.10cm、4.533.99cm、11.236.15cm、1.750.65cm~3/cm、0.470.27cm~3/cm、4.450.69cm,Müller动作时上述参数均小于平静呼吸状态,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。舌后区前后径绝对值减小,平静呼吸时为12.32±4.50cm、Müller动作时为11.16±6.05cm,但差异无统计学意义。软腭后区及舌后区咽侧壁顺应性(0.510.40、0.140.51)均大于前后壁(0.390.44、0.040.49),但差异无统计学意义。两种呼吸状态下软腭后区AP/L绝对值(0.81±0.49、0.79±0.68)<1,舌后区AP/L绝对值(1.38±1.84、1.31±1.37)>1。 结论: 1、运用128层螺旋CT管电流调节技术,在管电压80kV条件下所得图像即可满足对OSAHS患者的诊断要求,并可明显降低辐射剂量。 2、128层螺旋CT可以通过径线测量、容积测量等对OSAHS患者上气道形态及顺应性的改变进行定位、定量的评估。OSAHS患者在上气道负压的状态下气道明显狭窄。
[Abstract]:Objective:
128 slice spiral CT was applied to explore the best low-dose scanning plan without affecting the CT image quality of OSAHS patients. The upper airway morphology and pharyngeal wall compliance of OSAHS patients were studied.
Materials and methods:
The first part: 40 cases of OSAHS patients were randomly divided into two groups, using the Siemens DefinitionAS+128 slice spiral CT respectively with tube voltage 100kV (n=20) and 80kV (n=20) in three kinds of breathing (breathing, M ller breathing state, mandibular breathing) CT scan, two groups the use of tube current modulation (Care Dose4D). Each patient records the average tube current (mAs), dose volume index (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP), and calculated the effective dose (ED), which compared two groups of patients with radiation dose measurement. Each patient mental spine level of sternocleidomastoid muscle (region of interest ROI) SD value represents the image noise, and the subjective score of image quality, compared to two groups of image quality from two aspects of subjective and objective.
The second part: use the best scanning scheme by experiments that were performed in 49 patients with OSAHS M ller action quiet breathing and upper airway under scanning. The original image CT will scan all patients received to the postprocessing workstation for image reconstruction, two kinds of respiration by minimum cut soft palate and tongue area area respectively. Before and after the measurement, this level of airway diameter (AP), diameter (L), and calculate the lateral pharyngeal wall, and the wall compliance, the ratio of AP/L. Measurement of two kinds of respiratory conditions the average length of the soft palate, soft palate and total airway volume calculation.
Result锛
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