基于表面增强拉曼光谱技术对人体体液中毒品的快速检测

发布时间：2018-01-24 03:08

本文关键词： 表面增强拉曼光谱前处理方法尿液血液毒品　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：纵观中国的近代史,毒品的滥用与盛行给中华民族带来了不可估量的伤害。毒品严重扰乱了人们的生活及社会的稳定。目前,对人类产生威胁的不单单是传统类的毒品。随着科技水平和制药工艺的进步和发展,合成类毒品的种类和数量已经超过了传统毒品,因此对毒品的快速检测在抑制毒品的传播、打击毒品犯罪方面有着举足轻重的作用。如今,公安及司法部门鉴定毒品方法主要是用胶体金试纸初步筛查毒品的种类,然后用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行最终的确认。然而,此方法不适用于毒品的现场检测,费时、费力且成本高。近几年,表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术由于具有指纹识别、检测速度快、样品用量少、无损伤、高灵敏度等众多优点而受到了研究者的关注。SERS技术目前已广泛用于表面分析,如爆炸物检测、医药安全、考古、食品安全及毒品检测。然而,体液中如尿液、血液中毒品的含量很少,且其中含有大量的尿素、蛋白质和氨基酸等物质,直接对其检测会受到很大的干扰。其次,对于现场检测,要求SERS基底在稳定性、重现性及灵敏性上具有较好的性能。鉴于SERS在检测毒品中存在的以上问题,故本论文具体研究内容如下:首先,简单的介绍了毒品的概况、毒品检测方法、SERS的发展历程、增强机理及SERS技术检测毒品的研究进展。第二章对当今世界滥用范围最广泛的毒品之一可卡因进行检测方法的研究,由于尿液中的可卡因含量比较少且尿液中其他成分会存在的干扰,所以我们开发了一种尿液中的可卡因快速分离和纯化的前处理方法,该纯化过程操作简单、时间短、萃取效率高、纯化试剂用量少且不要借助其他的仪器即可完成。为了获得具有良好的稳定性、灵敏度及重现性的SERS基底,我们首先利用种子生长法合成了均一性好、类球形的金纳米粒子,然后以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)分子对均一的金纳米粒子进行功能化处理,组装成有序2D的纳米结构。用手持式拉曼光谱仪对尿液中的可卡因进行检测,并具有较好的检测效果。整个纯化和检测的过程只需要3.5 min,适用于毒品的现场检测。第三章中我们建立了人体血清中毒品的SERS快速检测方法。检测对象扩大至血清,能为现场检测中顽固的吸毒者不愿提供尿液时补充生物检材,同时也拓宽了 SERS技术在毒品检测的应用范围。由于血清中的成分比尿液更为复杂,直接对其中的毒品检测会存在更大的干扰,所以我们建立了血清中毒品的快速的前处理方法,以金纳米棒为SERS基底对其具有较好的检测效果。为了考察个体的差异的影响,我们从中科院肿瘤医院取30个血清样品加入可卡因后进行纯化、检测。此外,该方法对苯丙胺类的毒品也具有较好的纯化及检测效果。第四章中对疑似吸毒者尿液进行纯化处理后用SERS检测,检验所建立的尿液中毒品的前处理方法的可靠性及可行性。实验结果表明,我们所建立开发的毒品快速检测方法准确可靠,具有较高的应用价值。
[Abstract]:Throughout the modern history of China, drug abuse and popular to the Chinese nation has brought immeasurable harm. Drugs seriously disrupt the people's life and social stability. At present, a threat to human is not only the traditional drugs. With the progress and development of science and technology and pharmaceutical technology, type and quantity of synthesis the drug has more than traditional drugs, so the drug fast detection to suppress the spread of drugs, plays an important role in the fight against drug-related crimes. Now, public security and judicial departments of drug identification method is the main kinds of colloidal gold strip for primary screening of drugs, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for final confirmed. However, time-consuming field detection, this method is not suitable for drugs, laborious and costly. In recent years, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique with fingerprint recognition, detection Fast speed, less sample consumption, no damage, many advantages such as high sensitivity and attention to the research of.SERS technology has been widely used for surface analysis, such as explosive detection, drug safety, archaeology, food safety and drug detection. However, in body fluids such as urine, little blood levels of drugs, and contains the amounts of urea, protein and amino acids and other substances, directly on the detection will be greatly disturbed. Secondly, for field detection, SERS substrate has good performance in stability, reproducibility and sensitivity. In view of the above problems in the detection of drugs in SERS, the specific contents are as follows: firstly, simple the introduction of drugs, drug detection methods, the development of SERS, study on the mechanism and technology of SERS detection of drug enhanced. The second chapter of the scope of drug abuse in the world the most widely Study on the detection method of cocaine, because of the interference of cocaine in urine was less and the presence of other components in the urine, so we developed a urine cocaine rapid separation and purification method of pretreatment, the purification process has the advantages of simple operation, short time, high extraction efficiency, low consumption of reagents and not by purification other instruments can be completed. In order to obtain good stability, sensitivity and reproducibility of the SERS substrate, we first use the seed growth method for the synthesis of a good homogeneity, spherical gold nanoparticles, and then with sixteen alkyl three methyl bromide (CTAB) molecules on uniform gold nanoparticles are functionalized, assembled nano ordered structure of 2D. To detect the urine cocaine by handheld Raman spectrometer, and has a good detection effect. The whole process of purification and detection only 3.5 min, suitable for on-site detection of drugs. In the third chapter, we established a human serum drug in SERS rapid detection method. The detection object expanded to serum for detection in field stubborn drug addicts are reluctant to provide urine of biological samples, but also broaden the scope of application of SERS technology in drug testing because the components in serum than urine is more complex, directly to the drug testing which there will be greater interference, so we established a pretreatment method of fast serum drugs, with gold nanorods SERS substrate has better effect on its effect. In order to study the differences of individuals, we from the Chinese Academy of Sciences cancer hospital take 30 serum samples with cocaine after purification, detection. In addition, the method of amphetamine type drugs also have purification and good detection effect. In the fourth chapter of suspected drug addicts urine After purification, the SERS was used to test the reliability and feasibility of the established pretreatment method for urine poisoned products. The experimental results show that the developed rapid detection method for drugs is accurate, reliable and of high application value.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D919.4;O657.37

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