人体跖趾关节活动受限对行走时下肢生物力学特征的影响

发布时间：2018-02-10 22:25

本文关键词： 跖趾关节活动受限生物力学步态　出处：《中国运动医学杂志》2015年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的:分析跖趾关节活动受限对行走时下肢生物力学特征的影响。方法:10名普通男性大学生分别完成正常和跖趾关节受限情况下的步行,同步采集运动学、动力学及下肢主要肌肉的表面肌电信号。计算髋、膝、踝的三维角度、关节净力矩、关节功率和关节功,计算各肌肉摆动相和支撑相的肌电均方根振幅(RMS)并获得肌电的线性包络线。结果:与正常步行比较,限制跖趾关节行走时步宽显著增大(P=0.032),摆动相百分比显著增大(P=0.002),支撑相百分比显著减小(P=0.002),步长、步频两组之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。跖趾关节受限情况下,踝最大背屈角度显著增大(P0.001),最大跖屈角度显著减小(P0.001);踝关节最大跖屈力矩(P0.001)、最大背屈力矩(P=0.029)显著增大;踝关节功率最大值增大(P0.001)、最小值显著减小(P0.001);踝关节负功显著增大(P0.001),正功受限和正常两种情况无显著性差异(P0.05)。膝关节和髋关节各指标在受限和正常两种情况下均无显著性差异(P0.05)。支撑相腓肠肌内侧头RMS值受限情况显著大于正常情况(P=0.009),其他肌肉两组间均无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:在跖趾关节运动受到约束后,人体主要是通过踝关节增大背屈角度、增加做功和增大周围肌肉的活动水平来代偿,以保持步长、步速和运动中的动态平衡。限制跖趾关节会增加行走时人体足踝部分的能量消耗,长期受限,可能会导致小腿后群肌肉的疲劳或损伤。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the effect of metatarsophalangeal joint movement limitation on the biomechanical characteristics of lower extremity during walking. Dynamics and surface electromyography of the main muscles of the lower extremity. Three dimensional angles of hip, knee, ankle, joint torque, joint power and joint work were calculated. The RMSs of muscle swing phase and support phase were calculated and the linear envelope of EMG was obtained. Results: compared with normal walking, The walking width of metatarsophalangeal joint was significantly increased, the percentage of swing phase was significantly increased, and the percentage of supporting phase was significantly decreased. There was no significant difference in step size and step frequency between the two groups. In the case of limited metatarsophalangeal joint, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The maximum dorsiflexion angle of malleolus was significantly increased (P0.001), the maximal plantar flexion angle decreased significantly (P0.001), and the maximal metatarsal flexion moment of ankle joint increased significantly (P0.001, P0. 029). The maximum power of ankle joint increased and the minimum value decreased significantly (P 0.001). The negative work of ankle joint increased significantly (P 0.001). There was no significant difference between positive work limitation and normal condition (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in all indexes of knee joint and hip joint under both restricted and normal conditions. The limitation of RMS in medial head of gastrocnemius muscle in supporting phase was significantly higher than that in normal condition, but there was no significant difference between other two groups. Conclusion: after the movement of metatarsophalangeal joint is restricted, there is no significant difference between the two groups. The human body compensates by increasing the angle of dorsiflexion of the ankle joint, increasing the work done and increasing the level of activity of the surrounding muscles, in order to maintain the pace. Limiting the metatarsophalangeal joint will increase the energy consumption of the ankle part of the human body while walking, which may lead to fatigue or injury of the lower leg muscle.
【作者单位】：北京体育大学;
【基金】：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目
【分类号】：R87

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