神经肌肉反应活动能力衰退导致老年女性跌倒的因素研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 03:09

本文选题：老年女性　切入点：跌倒风险　出处：《中国运动医学杂志》2015年06期

【摘要】：目的:探索神经肌肉反应活动能力衰退导致老年女性跌倒的关键因素及训练干预手段。方法:37名65岁及以上的老年女性,根据跌倒史分为跌倒组和未跌倒组,通过肌电仪和自制足内翻装置对下肢神经肌肉反应活动进行定量测试,并测量其跌倒风险指数(FRI)和站立行走能力(3m-TUG)。结果:与未跌倒组相比,有跌倒经历的老年女性,其神经肌肉反应时间显著较长,并与FRI、3m-TUG测试时间呈线性正相关关系;在肌肉激活后所有电生理指标上,跌倒组和未跌倒组组间差异均不显著;神经肌肉反应时在老年人足内翻控制的重复测试中呈现不断降低的趋势,其中未跌倒者降低显著。结论:相对肌肉本身活动能力衰退,姿势控制相关的神经肌肉反应速度下降是导致老年女性跌倒的重要因素;神经中枢动作预计能力下降是老年女性神经肌肉反应速度变慢、跌倒风险升高的深层重要因素,身体失衡-平衡控制的重复动作练习可能是预防和改善动作预计功能衰退的有效手段。建议老年女性加强日常体力活动。
[Abstract]:Objective: to explore the key factors and training intervention measures of the decline of neuromuscular response ability in elderly women. Methods: thirty seven elderly women aged 65 and over were divided into fall group and non-fall group according to their fall history. The neuromuscular activity of lower extremity was measured quantitatively by electromyograph and foot varus device, and the fall risk index (FRI) and standing walking ability were measured. The neuromuscular reaction time was significantly longer and had a positive linear correlation with the FRI3m-TUG test time, and there was no significant difference between the fall group and the non-fall group in all electrophysiological indexes after muscle activation. The neuromuscular response time showed a decreasing trend in the repeated tests of pedal varus control in the elderly. The decrease of the neuromuscular response speed related to postural control is an important factor leading to the fall of the elderly women, and the decline of the nerve center movement prediction ability is the deep important factor of the slow down of the neuromuscular response speed and the increase of the risk of falling in the elderly women. Physical imbalance-repetitive exercise of balance control may be an effective means to prevent and improve the predicted decline in motor function. It is recommended that older women strengthen their daily physical activity.
【作者单位】：曲阜师范大学;山东体育学院;北京体育大学;美国韦恩州立大学;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目“运动风险评估关键技术的研究(2006BAK33B02)” 山东省自然科学基金(ZR2014CL015) 曲阜师范大学博士启动基金项目
【分类号】：R87

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