长跑爱好者下肢结构及功能特征与下肢损伤的关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 21:22

本文选题：长跑爱好者　切入点：下肢损伤　出处：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来我国伴随参与长跑人数的增长,跑步运动损伤的发生数量激增,情况不容乐观。目前我国在长跑人群跑步损伤方面的流行病学调查研究极少,在跑步相关损伤的防治上也缺少足够的研究做支撑。本研究分两部分,第一部分对跑者进行问卷调查,获取其跑步习惯、下肢运动损伤发生率及损伤特点;第二部分对长跑爱好者进行测试评估,根据跑者的性别和损伤进行分组和对比,分析下肢结构及功能特征与运动损伤之间的关系。包括Q角、双下肢长度差异、下肢关节活动度、平衡稳定性、肌肉延展性、肌肉力量、躯干肌肉耐力、足偏角、足弓形态以及功能性动作等内容。为我国长跑爱好者运动损伤的防治策略提供相关研究基础。主要结果:(1)问卷调查显示长跑爱好者下肢损伤发生率为81.3%,排在前三的损伤部位为膝、踝和足,排在前三的损伤为髂胫束摩擦综合征、膝前痛和足底筋膜炎。(2)损伤组和健康组在下肢Q角、关节活动度(髋后伸、外旋、内旋;踝背屈)、双下肢长度差异、闭眼单脚站立时间长度、髂腰肌和髂胫束紧张度、踝背屈和髋周肌肉等长肌肉力量、躯干屈伸肌群耐力、FMS深蹲动作模式、单腿下蹲测试、足偏角和中足占比结果中无显著性差异。(3)损伤组比健康组在双下肢闭眼单脚站立时间差值上较大,股直肌紧张比例较高、躯干侧向肌肉耐力较差且有显著性差异(P0.05),并与跑步损伤有相关性。(4)女性损伤组整体比健康组在Y字平衡测试综合推动距离上较短、在FMS主动直腿上抬动作模式得分较低且有显著性差异(P0.05),并与损伤有相关性。主要结论:(1)长跑爱好者下肢运动损伤患病率很高,达到81.3%,主要集中在膝、踝和足。最常见的损伤为髂胫束摩擦综合征、膝前痛和足底筋膜炎。(2)双侧下肢静态平衡稳定性失衡、股直肌紧张、躯干侧向肌群耐力相对较差与跑步下肢损伤存在一定相关性。(3)Y字平衡测试综合推动距离等反映出的下肢动态稳定性以及FMS主动直腿上抬动作水平与女性跑者下肢损伤有一定相关性。(4)下肢Q角、双下肢长度差异、部分关节活动度(负重踝背屈、髋后伸、髋内旋、髋外旋)、下肢部分肌群力量(髋内收、外展、后伸;足背屈肌群)、足弓形态、部分功能动作(FMS深蹲动作模式、单腿下蹲动作)完成水平等在本次研究中没有表现出与跑步下肢损伤存在联系。
[Abstract]:In recent years, along with the increase of the number of people involved in long-distance running, the number of injuries in running has increased sharply, and the situation is not optimistic. This study is divided into two parts. The first part is to investigate the runners' running habits, the incidence of lower extremity sports injuries and the characteristics of injuries. In the second part, the distance runners were tested and evaluated. According to the sex and injury of runners, the relationship between the structure and function of lower limbs and sports injuries was analyzed, including Q angle, length difference of both legs. Lower limb joint motion, balance stability, muscle ductility, muscle strength, trunk muscle endurance, foot angle, The results showed that the incidence of lower extremity injuries of long-distance runners was 81.33, which was the top three. The injured part of the knee is the knee. Ankle and foot, the top three injuries were the friction syndrome of iliotibial tract, anterior knee pain and plantar fasciitis. The injury group and the healthy group had lower extremity Q angle, joint motion (hip extension, external rotation, internal rotation, ankle dorsiflexion, length difference of lower extremity). Length of standing time, tension of iliopsoas muscle and iliotibial bundle, muscle strength of ankle dorsiflexion and perihip muscle, endurance of trunk flexion and extensor muscle group and FMS squat mode, single leg squat test, There was no significant difference in the results of foot deviation angle and middle foot ratio. The difference of standing time and tension of rectus femoris were higher in the injury group than in the healthy group. The lateral muscle endurance of the trunk was poor and there was significant difference (P0.05A) and there was a correlation with the running injury.) the overall driving distance of the female injury group was shorter than that of the healthy group in the Y word balance test, and the overall driving distance of the female injury group was shorter than that of the healthy group. In the FMS active straight leg lifting mode, the score was lower and there was significant difference (P 0.05), which was related to the injury. Conclusion: 1) the prevalence rate of lower extremity motion injury of long-distance runner is very high (81.3%), which is mainly focused on the knee. Ankle and foot. The most common injuries are friction syndrome of iliotibial tract, anterior knee pain and plantar fasciitis. There is a certain correlation between the relatively poor endurance of trunk lateral muscle group and the lower limb injury of running. The dynamic stability of lower extremity and the level of FMS active straight leg lifting and the lower extremity of female runners are reflected in the comprehensive push distance test and so on. The Q angle of lower extremity was correlated with injury. The length of both lower limbs is different, and some joint activities (ankle flexion, hip extension, hip rotation, hip rotation, hip extroversion, lower extremity muscle group strength (hip adductor, abduction, extension), flexor dorsalis pedis group, arch form), Some functional movements such as FMS squat mode, single leg squat, etc., were not associated with lower limb injury in this study.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R873

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