烟台市青少年摔跤运动员损伤的流行病学调查及预防对策探讨

发布时间：2018-04-12 23:24

本文选题：青少年摔跤运动员 + 运动损伤　；参考：《山东体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：青春期作为身体发育的高速阶段,是发展力量、耐力、速度、灵敏以及柔韧素质的最佳时期,错过这段训练事半功倍的时期,将会是运动员步入职业生涯取得理想成绩的最大障碍。但是,正是由于青少年摔跤运动员处于身体的高速发育阶段,因此,运动员机能状态存在许多的不确定性,这就造成运动员出现对可承受的负荷估计不足,技术动作变形等状况,进而引发损伤,给运动员前进的道路蒙上阴影。本文以烟台市体校及各周边县市区运动队青少年摔跤运动员为研究对象,运用文献资料法、实地考察法、问卷调查法等,对摔跤运动员运动损伤情况进行了调查研究,了解摔跤运动损伤的损伤程度、项目特点、致伤因素等,从中找出关键矛盾,寻求对策,进而总结成文,以结果的方式反馈给教练及运动员,有针对性的规划训练安排,强化运动员的自我保护意识,为预防青少年摔跤训练或比赛中的伤害提供借鉴和帮助。本文主要研究结果显示如下:1.青少年摔跤运动员运动损伤情况十分严重,患病率高达87.7%,平均患病4.33例,损伤部位主要集中在腰、膝、指、肩、踝、肘等部位。2.按损伤几率排序为腰肌劳损、急性腰扭伤、膝关节积液、膝关节侧副韧带拉伤、指关节挫伤、肱二头肌腱鞘炎等急慢性病症。3.损伤主要原因归纳如下:身体素质差、身体过度疲劳、技术掌握不熟练、动作难度过大、动作强度过大、不能领会动作要领、课后恢复不合理、完成动作时掉以轻心、注意力不集中、准备活动不充分等。针对以上状况,提出对策如下:1.教练员应当根据青少年身心发育特点来制定训练计划,合理的安排训练量和负荷,并做好训练中的科学监测工作,使青少年运动员得以全面提高。2.应当跟据摔跤的项目特点制定训练计划,将准备活动做好、做充分,避免因为身体惰性引起的运动损伤。3.青少年时期由于发育特点,注意力不易集中,课堂上应时常转换运动项目,增加趣味性活动等方式丰富课堂,避免枯燥的课堂氛围。4.青少年处于摔跤的基础阶段,日常训练中,应当以基础性练习为主,为今后成绩的进一步提高夯实基础,避免一味追求成绩,拔苗助长的现象。5.青少年时期虽然具有较好的恢复能力,但是也极易疲劳,因此,比赛、训练后的课后恢复必不可少,作为教练员应当汲取当代先进的恢复理念,投身训练,减少因为疲劳的连续积累造成的过度疲劳现象。6.与科研部门密切合作,注意运动员个体差异性,加强医务监督,及时了解运动员伤情并调节训练计划。
[Abstract]:Adolescence, as a high-speed stage of physical development, is the best time to develop strength, endurance, speed, agility and flexibility.It will be the biggest obstacle for athletes to achieve their ideal results in their career.The technical action deforms and so on, then causes the injury, casts the shadow to the athlete's way forward.This paper takes juvenile wrestlers of sports teams in Yantai Sports School and the surrounding counties as research objects, and makes an investigation on sports injuries of wrestlers by means of literature, field investigation, questionnaire investigation, etc.To understand the degree of injury, the characteristics of events, the factors of injury and so on, find out the key contradictions, seek for countermeasures, and then summarize the writing, feedback to coaches and athletes in the form of results, and plan the training arrangements.To strengthen athletes' consciousness of self-protection and to provide reference and help for the prevention of juvenile wrestling training or injury in competitions.The main results of this paper are as follows: 1: 1.The sports injury of juvenile wrestlers was very serious, the prevalence rate was as high as 87.7, and the average disease was 4.33 cases. The injury was mainly located in waist, knee, finger, shoulder, ankle, elbow and so on.According to the injury probability, acute lumbar sprain, knee joint effusion, knee collateral ligament injury, finger joint contusion, biceps tendinitis and other acute and chronic diseases.The main reasons for the injury are as follows: poor physical fitness, excessive fatigue, unskilled technical mastery, difficult movement, excessive intensity of movement, inability to grasp the main points of the action, unreasonable recovery after class, and carelessness in completing the action.A lack of concentration, preparation, etc.In view of the above situation, put forward the countermeasure as follows: 1.Coaches should make training plan according to the characteristics of teenagers' physical and mental development, arrange the training quantity and load reasonably, and do well the scientific monitoring work in the training, so that the juvenile athletes can be improved in an all-round way.A training plan should be drawn up according to the characteristics of the wrestling project, and the preparation activities should be done well and fully to avoid the sports injury. 3 caused by physical inertia.Due to the developmental characteristics of teenagers, attention is not easy to concentrate, the classroom should often change sports items, increase interesting activities and other ways to enrich the classroom, to avoid the boring classroom atmosphere. 4.Young people are in the basic stage of wrestling. In their daily training, they should take basic practice as the main part, so as to lay a solid foundation for the further improvement of their achievements in the future, to avoid blindly pursuing the results and to promote the phenomenon .5.5.Although young people have a good recovery ability, they are also extremely tired. Therefore, it is essential to recover after class after competition and training. As coaches, they should learn from the contemporary advanced concepts of recovery and devote themselves to training.Reduce the phenomenon of overfatigue caused by continuous accumulation of fatigue.Cooperate closely with scientific research department, pay attention to athletes' individual differences, strengthen medical supervision, understand athletes' injuries in time and adjust training plan.
【学位授予单位】：山东体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G886.2;R873

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