不同速度离心训练对小腿肌肉工作特征的研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 11:26

本文选题：小腿肌肉 + 离心力量训练　；参考：《北京体育大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：离心力量训练对于预防运动损伤、提高肌肉最大力量和快速力量、改善运动成绩等方面都有积极的作用。但是目前对于离心训练的研究,尤其足对于小腿肌肉的离心训练的研究还十分有限,对肌肉进行离心收缩时的工作情况了解还比较模糊。本研究拟通过对踝跖屈肌群和踝背屈肌群进行不同收缩速度的离心力量训练,采集胫前肌和腓肠肌内、外侧头在离心收缩时的表而肌电,寻找快、慢速离心力量训练过程中肌肉工作特征的异同点,探讨不同速度离心力量训练效果产生差异的原因。招募受试者27人,随机分成三组,快速组、慢速纰和空白对照组,进行小腿肌肉的离心力量训练。快速组和慢速组均先尽快完成向心收缩,到达关节活动范围末端后立刻开始快速(1秒)或慢速(3秒)离心收缩。每组7次,每次5组,组间休息3分钟,每周3次,持续6周。在训练前、训练2周后和训练后使用Mega6000T16表面肌电测试仪,采集受试者胫前肌和腓肠肌内、外侧头在进行离心力量训练过程中的表面肌电。进行肌电处理分析,比较不同速度离心力量训练过程中肌肉工作特征的异同点。研究结果：1、快速训练6周后,腓肠肌离心训练时胫前肌、腓肠肌内、外侧头动员率、RMS、MPF均无显著性变化,胫前肌离心训练时胫前肌动员率、RMS、MPF也无显著性改变。2、慢速训练6周后,腓肠肌离心训练时腓肠肌内、外侧头动员率、RMS显著下降,MPF无显著性改变；胫前肌离心训练时胫前肌动员率RMS无显著性改变,MPF显著上升。3、训练6周后,腓肠肌离心训练时腓肠肌内、外侧头动员率、RMS均显示出慢速组显著低于快速组,两组向MPF无差异；胫前肌离心训练时胫前肌动员率、RMS慢速组显著低于快速组,MPF两组间显著性消失。研究结论：1.快速离心力量训练前后,胫前肌参与离心收缩的肌纤维数量逐渐下降,动员的运动单位类型无明显变化；排肠肌参与离心收缩的肌纤维数量呈先下降后上升的趋势,动员的运动单位类型无明显变化。2.’慢速离心力量训练前后,胫前肌参’与离心收缩的肌纤维数量逐渐下降；腓肠肌参与离心收缩的肌纤维显著下降,动员的运动单位类型则无明显变化。3._快速离心力量训练过程中参与离心收缩的肌纤维数量显著高于离心力量训练,做力量小于慢速离心力量训练。因此在训练实践中可能是更好的选择。
[Abstract]:Centrifugal strength training plays a positive role in preventing sports injury, improving muscle maximum strength and fast strength, and improving sports performance.However, the research on centrifugal training, especially for leg muscles, is still very limited.The purpose of this study was to collect the surface myoelectric activity of the anterior tibial muscle and the gastrocnemius muscle during the eccentric contraction of the anterior tibial muscle and the gastrocnemius muscle group through the eccentric strength training of the flexor flexor muscle group and the flexor dorsalis malleolus group.The differences and similarities of muscle working characteristics in the process of slow centrifugal strength training were discussed, and the reasons for the differences in the effects of different speed centrifugal strength training were discussed.Twenty-seven subjects were recruited and randomly divided into three groups: fast group, slow speed control group and blank control group.In both the fast and slow groups, the concentric contraction was completed as soon as possible, and the eccentric contraction began immediately (1 second) or slowly (3 seconds) after reaching the end of the range of joint motion.The rest was 3 minutes, 3 times a week for 6 weeks.Before training, 2 weeks after training and 2 weeks after training, Mega6000T16 surface electromyography was used to collect the surface electromyography of the tibialis anterior muscle and the gastrocnemius muscle, and the lateral head of the tibial anterior muscle and the gastrocnemius muscle during the process of centrifugal strength training.To compare the differences and similarities of muscle working characteristics during centrifugal strength training with different velocities.Results: after 6 weeks of rapid training, there was no significant change in the mobilization rate of anterior tibial muscle, internal and lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle and RMSMPF during centrifugal training of gastrocnemius muscle. There was no significant change in mobilization rate of anterior tibial muscle and RMSMPF during centrifugation training of anterior tibial muscle, and after 6 weeks of slow training, there was no significant change in the mobilization rate of anterior tibial muscle and RMSMPF after 6 weeks of slow training.The mobilization rate of the lateral head of gastrocnemius and the mobilization rate of the lateral head of gastrocnemius were significantly decreased and the mobilization rate of the anterior tibial muscle was not significantly changed during the centrifugal training of the anterior tibial muscle, and the mobilization rate of the anterior tibial muscle increased significantly after 6 weeks of training, and the mobilization rate of the anterior tibial muscle increased significantly after 6 weeks of training.The mobilization rate of gastrocnemius and lateral head in gastrocnemius was significantly lower in slow group than that in fast group, and there was no difference in MPF between the two groups.The mobilization rate of tibial anterior muscle in RMS slow group was significantly lower than that in MPF group.Conclusion: 1.Before and after rapid centrifugal strength training, the number of muscle fibers involved in centrifugal contraction of the anterior tibial muscle decreased gradually, but the types of motility units mobilized did not change significantly, while the number of muscle fibers of the enteric muscle involved in centrifugal contraction decreased first and then increased.No significant change in the types of motor units mobilizedBefore and after slow centrifugal strength training, the number of myofibers of shank anterior muscle 'and centrifugal contraction decreased gradually, while the number of muscle fibers of gastrocnemius participating in centrifugal contraction decreased significantly.The number of muscle fibers involved in centrifugal force training was significantly higher than that in centrifugal strength training, and the number of muscle fibers involved in centrifugal force training was lower than that in slow centrifugal strength training.Therefore, it may be a better choice in training practice.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R87

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