坐位高度对坐起—行走地反力和身体姿态影响的实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 11:17

本文选题：坐起-行走 + 坐位高度　；参考：《大连理工大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：坐起-行走是日常生活中最常出现的动作之一,人体完成由臀部和双足三点支撑的坐位状态,过渡到双足站立继而迈步行走的状态,表现出有序的姿势改变。坐起-行走动作除婴幼儿外涉及所有的年龄人群,其动作难度高于行走动作,对于下肢功能不断衰弱,视力减退的老年人而言,坐起-行走有时会发生跌倒,严重的会引发骨折等并发症。所以本文以大连理工大学退休教师(72.6±2.2岁)和在校大学生(19.7±1.3岁)各11名志愿者为研究对象,通过两台DLUT4060压电式多分量测力平台结合DVM8820三维红外影像捕捉系统对受试者的坐起-行走进行测试,探讨两年龄组完成动作时采取的不同运动策略和发生跌倒的风险。通过运动生物力学和统计学分析得出： 1、通过运动生物力学分析结合受试者自我选择的最佳坐位高度的统计结果,得出无论老年人还是年轻人最佳坐位高度均为100%胭窝高时,使人体在完成坐起-行走动作时获得生物力学上的最大优势,动作完成的最舒适和安全最高,有利于维持身体的平衡稳定状态,发生跌倒的风险也最低。 2、对两年龄群体而言‘较低和过高的坐位高度,都会影响人体动作完成时的身体姿态和下肢功能的发挥；而且高度越低时,所造成的负面影响越大,这对老年人来说尤其明显。 3、老年人不能像年轻人那样快速而流畅地完成坐起-行走,坐起-行走动作对老年人的身体平衡稳定的控制系统已经构成威胁,易引发跌倒。所以,在设计和布置老年人起居环境和公共活动场所的设施高度时,应综合考虑该地区老年人的胭窝高度这一影响要素,这样能从一定程度上降低老年人发生跌倒的风险。此外老年人在日常生活中,应注意从椅子或沙发起身后身体充分伸展并站稳后,再向前迈步行走,这样可以获得更大的平衡稳定性,降低发生跌倒的机率；在进行健身锻炼时,要注意提高髋部和下肢伸肌肌群的力量,尤其是注意下肢关节的柔韧性方面的练习,诸如太极拳类的练习不但可以提高下肢关节的力量,也可以提高柔韧性,从而达到提高身体平衡能力的目的。
[Abstract]:Sit-up-walking is one of the most common movements in daily life. The human body completes the sitting state supported by the hip and bipedal three points to the state of standing on both feet and then walking, showing an orderly posture change. Sitting up-walking involves all age groups except infants, and is more difficult than walking. For elderly people with declining lower limb function and impaired eyesight, sit-up-walking can sometimes cause falls. Severe complications can lead to fractures. Therefore, 11 volunteers (72.6 卤2.2 years old) and 19.7 卤1.3 years old college students in Dalian University of Science and Technology (Dalian University of Technology) were chosen as the subjects of the study. Two DLUT4060 piezoelectric multi-component force-measuring platforms combined with DVM8820 three-dimensional infrared image capture system were used to test the sitting up and walking of the subjects. The different motion strategies and the risk of falling down were discussed when the two age groups completed their movements. Through sports biomechanics and statistical analysis, it is concluded that: 1. According to the results of exercise biomechanics analysis and the statistical results of the best sitting height of the subjects, the best sitting height of 100% popliteal height was obtained for both the elderly and the young. It can make the human body obtain the biggest advantage in biomechanics and the most comfortable and safe in the process of sitting up and walking, which is helpful to maintain the balance and stability of the body, and the risk of falling down is the lowest. 2. For the two year old group, the lower and higher sitting height will affect the body posture and lower limb function when the human body is finished, and the lower the height, the greater the negative effect, which is especially obvious for the elderly. 3. The elderly can not complete sit-walk as quickly and fluently as young people. Sit-walk poses a threat to the stable control system of the body balance of the elderly and can easily lead to falls. Therefore, when designing and arranging the living environment of the elderly and the height of the facilities in the public activity place, we should take into account the influence factor of the height of the living place of the elderly in this area, so as to reduce the risk of falling down in the elderly to a certain extent. In addition, in daily life, the elderly should pay attention to the body from the chair or sofa after fully stretching and standing steady, and then walk forward, so as to achieve greater stability of balance, reduce the probability of falling down; when doing exercise, Attention should be paid to improving the strength of the extensor muscles of the hip and lower limbs, especially to the flexibility of the lower extremity joints. Exercises such as Taijiquan can not only enhance the strength of the lower extremity joints, but also increase their flexibility. In order to achieve the purpose of improving the balance of the body.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G804.2

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