我国优秀运动员伤残现状调查与分析

发布时间：2018-05-08 02:01

本文选题：我国 + 优秀运动员　；参考：《华东师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：优秀运动员作为我国竞技体育事业的重要组成部分之一,其伤残现状已引起了社会舆论与相关单位或部门对此问题的广泛关注并不断升温。伤残预防在伤残保障体系中的重要作用一直是国内外各相关行业与研究领域的共识,但我国优秀运动员的伤残预防还没有得到系统性的建立与发展。想要更好地实施运动员伤残预防工作,就必须要从宏观层面上深刻地认识我国优秀运动员伤残现状,才能使预防工作在具体的微观层面上做到有据可依、有的放矢。流行病学观点认为,“通过研究人群中疾病与健康的分布及其影响分布的因素,可以以探讨病因,阐明流行特征与规律,制定预防、控制和消灭疾病的对策与措施,并评价措施效果。”[4]以此作为理论依据,本文通过收集07至10年“中国社会统计年鉴”与“优秀运动员伤残赔付统计表”中的相关统计数据,运用数理统计法,对我国优秀运动员进行了以下几个视角的现状分析：1)伤残部位分布；2)伤残等级分布；3)伤残的地区(单位)分布；4)伤残的项目分布；5)伤残的性别分布。通过以上分析与讨论后得出的结论认为：1)我国优秀运动员的四年伤残状况呈递减态势；2)我国优秀运动员的伤残人数与伤残率分布是不均匀的,在区域、项目、性别、伤残部位、伤残级别层面上都有集中性特征；3)下肢与上肢是我国优秀运动员伤残人数最多的部位；4)耳部是头面的突出伤残部位,其主要由摔跤与柔道项目产生；5)腰部是上身的突出伤残部位,它在各个项目中都普遍存在；6)关节是上肢的突出伤残部位,其中格斗类项目与自行车和体操比较突出；7)膝部与踝跗是下肢的突出伤残部位,绝大部分项目都普遍存在,但格斗类、大球类与体操项目相对更为突出；8)呼吸系统和生殖系统是内脏的突出伤残部位,其致因有内源性与也有外源性的,突出项目是自行车；9)内脏与头面部位伤残是严重伤残的主要来源,而轻度伤残则比较偏向于下肢部位伤残；10)严重伤残与区域和项目的伤残人数和伤残率都没有太明显的关联,这可能表明了它更倾向于意外性特征；11)轻度伤残的产生非常普遍地存在于我国优秀运动员中,严重伤残也偶有出现；12)我国各区域的竞技体育实力在一定程度上与伤残率成反比,但普遍上与伤残人数成正比；13)我国“伤残互助保险”中的“一类项目”的危险性普遍比其它项目高,但非“一类项目”也有严重伤残现象；14)在不同项目的运动形式差异影响下,各项目的突出伤残部位都有所偏重,具有专项性特征；15)格斗类、自行车和武术套路项目的伤残人数明显偏向男性运动员,有身体对抗球类项目的伤残人数明显偏向于女性运动员。根据以上结论提出的建议如下：1)继续巩固我国优秀运动员伤残预防工作的发展态势；2)认真学习、准确把握我国优秀运动员的伤残现状,进一步研究伤残突出问题,以不断推进我国优秀运动员伤残预防工作；3)加强我国优秀运动员的科学选材与医务监督,切实减少我国优秀运动员各种类、各部位伤残、伤残人数与伤残率；4)针对突出伤残部位研发有效的预防器具,改进运动技术与训练方法,做到防患于未然；5)加大对我国竞技体育实力不占优势单位的投入与关注,提高它们管理、科研、训练科学性,实现我国竞技体育的全面发展；6)加强对“伤残互助保险”中一类项目的伤残预防科研,提升我国竞技体育发展质量；7)关注性别差异导致的伤残人数分布偏倚,全面加强运动员伤残预防工作。
[Abstract]:As one of the most important parts of competitive sports in China, the status of disability has aroused widespread concern in social public opinion and related units or departments. The important role of disability prevention in the disability protection system has always been the consensus of all related industries and research fields at home and abroad, but China The disability prevention of excellent athletes has not been established and developed systematically. In order to better implement the disability prevention and prevention work of athletes, it is necessary to have a profound understanding of the status quo of the disability of our elite athletes from the macro level so that the prevention work can be carried out at the specific micro level and the epidemiological point of view. It is believed that "by studying the distribution of disease and health in the population and the distribution of its influence, we can explore the etiological factors, clarify the characteristics and laws of the epidemic, formulate the countermeasures and measures to prevent, control and eliminate the disease, and evaluate the effect of the measures." [4] as a theoretical basis, this article collects the "Chinese Social Statistics Yearbook" from 07 to 10 years. With the statistical data of "statistical table of disability and compensation for outstanding athletes", using mathematical statistics, the status of the outstanding athletes in China was analyzed in the following aspects: 1) the distribution of the disabled position; 2) the distribution of disability grade; 3) the distribution of the disabled area (unit); 4) the distribution of disabled items; 5) the sex distribution of the disabled. The conclusions of the above analysis and discussion are as follows: 1) the status of disability in four years of our elite athletes was reduced, and 2) the number of disability and disability rate of Chinese elite athletes was uneven, and there were concentrated characteristics in the area, project, sex, disable position and disability level; 3) lower limbs and upper limbs were excellent transportation in China. The part that mobilize the most disabled number of disabled persons; 4) the ear is the prominent and disable part of the head, which is mainly caused by wrestling and judo; 5) the waist is a prominent and disable part of the upper body, and it is common in every item; 6) the joint is the prominent and disable part of the upper limb, of which the grid is more prominent than the bicycle and gymnastics; 7) the knee. And the ankle tarsus are the prominent and disable parts of the lower extremities, most of the items are common, but the combat type, the big ball and the gymnastics are more prominent; 8) the respiratory system and the reproductive system are the prominent and disable parts of the viscera, its cause is endogenous and exogenous, the prominent item is the bicycle; 9) the viscera and the head and face are severely disabled The main source of heavy disability, while the mild disability is more biased toward the lower extremities, and 10) there is no obvious correlation between the number of serious disability and the number of disability and disability in the region and the project, which may indicate that it is more prone to accidental characteristics; and 11) the occurrence of mild disability is not often found in the excellent athletes of our country. Disability also occasionally appears; 12) the competitive sports strength of all regions of our country is inversely proportional to the rate of disability, but it is generally proportional to the number of disabled persons; 13) the risk of "kind of items" in the "disability mutual insurance" in China is generally higher than that of other projects, but the non "kind of project" also has serious disability; 14) is different Under the influence of the difference of sports form of the project, the outstanding parts of each item have some special characteristics; 15) the number of disabled persons in the combat, bicycle and Wushu routines obviously inclines to the male athletes, and the number of disabled persons with body against ball items is obviously biased toward the female athletes. As follows: 1) continue to consolidate the development trend of our country's outstanding athletes' disability prevention work; 2) conscientiously study, accurately grasp the status of the disability of our elite athletes, further study the problems of disability, and continue to promote the prevention of disability in our country; 3) strengthen the scientific selection and medical supervision of excellent athletes in China, To reduce all kinds of excellent athletes in our country, the disability of all parts, the number of disabled and disability; 4) to develop effective preventive instruments, improve sports technology and training methods, improve the prevention and cure, and 5) increase the investment and attention of the competitive sports strength of our country, and improve their management, scientific research and training. Scientific nature, realizing the all-round development of competitive sports in our country; 6) strengthening the prevention and Research on the disability prevention and prevention of the "disability mutual aid insurance", improving the quality of the development of competitive sports in China; 7) paying attention to the distribution bias of the number of disabled persons caused by gender differences and Comprehensively Strengthening the prevention and treatment of athletes' disability.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R873

【参考文献】