接触性DNA检验现状与展望

发布时间：2018-05-13 07:54

本文选题：法医遗传学 + 接触性DNA　；参考：《中国司法鉴定》2016年05期

【摘要】：随着犯罪嫌疑人的反侦查意识及能力加强,接触性栓材在现场提取检材中所占的比重越来越大,现场接触性DNA在案件侦破中发挥的作用也日渐明显。由于人在接触物体后,会在物体表面留下相应的微量接触性DNA,对这类接触性检材的检验分析是目前法医物证检验工作的热点和难点。对接触性检材的现场发现、前期处理及DNA的提取方法、扩增方法、电泳以及结果分析等方面对其检验研究进展综述。希望能够为侦查实战工作在接触类检材的现场发现,提取以及成功检测分型方面提供方法和思路。展望:首先,关于接触性检材的分类按接触物体表面质地分更为合理,因为潜在DNA转移的发生,与物体表面质地及样本的湿度密切相关,而且检材的表面质地很大程度上影响实验者提取方法的选择;其次,现勘人员应该及时出现场并且能结合案情科学地提取、包装并运送检材;再次,我们在处理接触类检材必须做到检验时突出重点部位、选择合适的检验策略与方案;最后,根据接触性检材的检测结果下鉴定意见时应十分谨慎。
[Abstract]:With the strengthening of the criminal suspects' consciousness and ability of counter-investigation, the proportion of contact material in the field extraction and detection is increasing, and the role of field contact DNA in the detection of cases is becoming more and more obvious. Due to the trace amount of contact DNA left on the surface of the object after contact with the object, the examination and analysis of this kind of contact material is a hot and difficult point in the forensic examination of physical evidence at present. The research progress in field detection, early treatment and extraction of DNA, amplification method, electrophoresis and result analysis were reviewed. It is hoped that the methods and ideas can be provided in the field discovery, extraction and successful detection and typing of contact materials. Outlook: first of all, the classification of contact materials is more reasonable according to the surface texture of the contact object, because the occurrence of potential DNA transfer is closely related to the surface texture of the object and the humidity of the sample. Moreover, the surface texture of the specimen greatly affects the selection of the method of extraction by the experimenter. Secondly, the present surveyor should be able to get out of the scene in time and be able to scientifically extract, package and transport the material in conjunction with the case. Thirdly, When dealing with contact materials, we must stress the key points and select the appropriate inspection strategies and schemes. Finally, we should be very careful when we judge according to the test results of contact materials.
【作者单位】：湖南警察学院;中国刑警学院;
【分类号】：D919

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