纳米金颗粒在靶向放射治疗中的应用

发布时间：2018-05-21 12:16

本文选题：放射治疗 + 纳米金颗粒　；参考：《核技术》2015年09期

【摘要】：放射治疗是生物医学中治疗恶性肿瘤的一种重要手段。放射治疗采用高剂量、高穿透性的X射线、γ射线以及电子光子束辐照癌变的肿瘤细胞,通过破坏其脱氧核糖核酸(Deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)而将其杀死或破坏。但是,较高的放射剂量和较长的治疗时间会对生命体产生极大的生物毒性。为降低放射治疗的生物毒性,减弱放射治疗带来的副作用,靶向放射治疗成为放射治疗研究的热点。纳米金颗粒具备优异的辐射敏化性质和光学性质,同时兼具良好的生物相容性,因此纳米金协助的放射治疗迅速成为靶向治疗的重要发展方向。在体外以及前临床试验中,基于纳米金的多功能纳米体系,有效提高了肿瘤治愈率、降低了毒副作用并延长了病人的存活时间。本文总结了在靶向治疗中多功能纳米金体系的设计思路,重点综述了纳米金体系在体外实验及前临床实验中实际应用效果,并对其发展方向进行了展望。
[Abstract]:Radiotherapy is an important method for the treatment of malignant tumors in biomedicine. Radiation therapy uses high-dose, high-penetrating X-rays, 纬 -rays and electron photon beams to irradiate cancerous tumor cells, killing or destroying them by destroying their deoxyribonucleic acid DNA. However, higher radiation dose and longer treatment time can produce great biological toxicity to organisms. In order to reduce the biological toxicity of radiotherapy and reduce the side effects of radiotherapy, targeted radiotherapy has become a hot spot in radiotherapy research. Nanocrystalline gold particles have excellent radiosensitivity and optical properties as well as good biocompatibility. Therefore, nanocrystalline gold assisted radiotherapy has rapidly become an important development direction of targeted therapy. In both in vitro and preclinical trials, the multifunctional nanocrystalline system based on nanocrystalline gold can effectively improve the cure rate of tumor, reduce the side effects and prolong the survival time of the patients. In this paper, the design ideas of multifunctional nanocrystalline gold system in targeted therapy are summarized, and the practical application effect of nanocrystalline gold system in vitro and preclinical experiments is reviewed, and its development direction is prospected.
【作者单位】：中国科学院上海应用物理研究所嘉定园区中国科学院界面物理与技术重点实验室上海同步辐射光源物理生物与生物成像中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(No.U1232114、No.1179004) 国家重点基础研究发展计划(No.2012CB932603)资助
【分类号】：R730.55

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