紧身装备对下肢关节力学、软组织振动和肌肉活动的影响

发布时间：2018-06-28 17:51

本文选题：紧身装备 + 运动学　；参考：《中国运动医学杂志》2015年09期

【摘要】：目的:探讨冲击负荷较大的落地反跳过程中,紧身装备作为外加干预因素对运动表现、下肢关节力学特征(运动学、动力学)、软组织振动和主要肌群活动的影响,找寻它们之间的系统关联。方法:选取12名体育教育专业男性运动员,每位受试者随机穿着紧身裤和对照裤完成三种高度(30 cm、45 cm和60cm)下的落地反跳,并同步采集下肢运动学、动力学、股四头肌/股后肌群振动信号及下肢各肌群肌电信号。结果:穿着紧身裤减小了在落地反跳过程中髋关节的屈曲角度和角速度特征(P0.05),但未对力量输出(关节力矩、功率、刚度)和反跳高度产生显著影响。然而,紧身裤的介入却能够显著减小股四头肌和股后肌群软组织的振动、增加各自的阻尼系数(P0.05),同时有条件地减小触地各阶段股直肌和股二头肌的肌电振幅。结论:本研究所采用的紧身装备能够改变髋关节的运动学特征,但并没有提高力量和弹跳表现;能有效衰减软组织振动、减小肌肉活化,有利于减缓长时间的疲劳积累,对降低能耗和提高运动舒适性带来积极效果。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the effects of tights as additional intervention factors on the performance of motion, the mechanical characteristics of lower extremity joints (kinematics, dynamics), soft tissue vibration and the activities of major muscle groups in the course of landing rebound with high impact load. Look for systematic connections between them. Methods: twelve male athletes of physical education major were selected. Each of them was randomly dressed in tights and control pants to perform the landing bounce under three heights (30 cm ~ (45 cm) and 60cm), and the kinematics and dynamics of lower extremities were simultaneously collected. Vibration signal of quadriceps femoris / posterior femoris and electromyography of lower extremities. Results: wearing tights decreased the angle and angular velocity of hip joint (P0.05), but had no significant effect on the force output (joint torque, power, stiffness) and jump height. However, the intervention of tights significantly reduced the vibration of quadriceps and posterior femoris, increased their damping coefficients (P0.05), and reduced the electromyoelectric amplitude of rectus femoris and biceps femoris at all stages of touching ground. Conclusion: the tightness equipment used in this study can change the kinematic characteristics of the hip joint, but does not improve the strength and bounce performance, can effectively attenuate the soft tissue vibration, reduce the muscle activation, and slow down the fatigue accumulation for a long time. It has a positive effect on reducing energy consumption and improving sports comfort.
【作者单位】：上海体育学院运动健身科技省部共建教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11302131,11372194) 教育部博士点基金资助项目(20123156120003) 上海市教育委员会科研创新项目(14YZ125) 上海高校青年教师培养资助计划(ZZsty12002)
【分类号】：R87

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