不同类型运动对中老年人肌力、骨密度影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-06 19:55

本文选题：最大力矩 + 肌肉量　；参考：《中国骨质疏松杂志》2017年05期

【摘要】：目的探讨24周三种不同阻力强度与类型的运动训练介入,对中老年人在骨质密度、身体组成及低角速度肌力的影响。方法共有53位51~70岁的健康中老年人完成本研究,前测最大肌力后,对受试者进行编号,计算机程序随机配对分为控制组13人(60.8±2.9岁)、中阻力组14人(62.0±5.4岁)、高阻力组13人(62.3±3.6岁)及综合式运动组13人(62.2±4.7岁);运动组进行持续24周、每周2次、每次75分钟的渐进式运动训练课程,包括中阻力组2组50%1RM(13~15次)及高阻力组2组80%1RM(8~10次)的全身性9项机械式阻力运动训练,综合式运动组则从事1组50%1RM(13~15次)的阻力运动及30分钟有氧运动,控制组则维持正常作息不多做额外的运动。四组受试者于实验前后均进行骨密、肌肉量和上下肢等速肌力的评估,并以单因素方差分析检验因变项的变化。结果 24周实验后,骨密部分:控制组几乎所有测量部位均呈现下降趋势,其中腰椎下降至1.7%,运动训练组则依测量部位与分组不同有相异的适应情况,其中综合运动组在腰椎增加的幅度显著高于中组力及控制组,中阻力组除股骨颈上升的趋势外,在手臂、腰椎、全身呈下降,并显著低于高阻力组;而高阻力组骨密则各部位均有增加,在手臂、腰椎与全身显著高于控制与中阻力,腿部则显著高于控制与整合组,但肌肉量方面:运动组皆于手臂肌肉量较控制组显著增加,腿部与全身肌肉改变量四组的间皆没有差异;肌力部分:上肢在中、高阻力组的肱三头肌较控制组显著提升15.5%~26.1%,下肢则以腿后腱肌群进步43.4%~56.9%最为明显;综合运动组于肘关节和膝关节的屈伸的力量与控制组皆没有显著差异。结论 24周不同类型的训练,对于促进中老年人骨密以高阻力运动最为有效,在对于肌肉量的效益,整合式与阻力式三种运动型态影响的程度相近;但对于等速肌力的效果,则以阻力运动的影响较好。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the effects of three different resistance intensity and types of exercise training intervention on bone density, body composition and low angular velocity muscle strength in middle-aged and elderly people. Methods A total of 53 healthy adults aged 51 to 70 years were enrolled in this study. The computer program was randomly divided into control group (60.8 卤2.9 years old), middle resistance group (62.0 卤5.4 years old), high resistance group (62.3 卤3.6 years old) and integrated exercise group (62.2 卤4.7 years old). Each 75-minute progressive exercise training course consisted of two groups of 501RM (1315 times) in middle resistance group and 801RM (810 times) in high resistance group. The integrated exercise group was engaged in resistance exercise and 30 minutes aerobic exercise of 50 and 1RM (1315 times) in group 1, while the control group maintained a normal working day and did not do extra exercise. The bone density, muscle mass and isokinetic muscle strength of upper and lower limbs were evaluated before and after the experiment. Results after 24 weeks of the experiment, the bone dense part: almost all the measured sites in the control group showed a downward trend, in which the lumbar vertebrae decreased to 1.7 and the exercise training group had different adaptations according to the measured sites and groups. The increase of lumbar vertebrae in the comprehensive exercise group was significantly higher than that in the middle group and the middle resistance group, except for the upward trend of femoral neck, the whole body of the arm and lumbar vertebrae decreased significantly, and was significantly lower than that of the high resistance group. The bone density in the high resistance group was significantly higher than that in the control and control group, but the muscle volume in the movement group was significantly higher than that in the control and integration group, but the muscle volume in the exercise group was significantly higher than that in the control group. There was no difference in the changes of leg and whole body muscle between the four groups, and the muscle strength part: in the upper limb, the triceps brachii muscle in the high resistance group was 15.526.1 significantly higher than that in the control group, while the muscle group in the lower limb was 43.4% higher than that in the control group (56.9%). There was no significant difference between the combined exercise group and the control group in elbow joint and knee joint flexion and extension. Conclusion different types of training for 24 weeks are the most effective in promoting bone density of middle and old people with high resistance, and the effect on muscle mass, the effect of integration and resistance is similar, but the effect of isokinetic muscle strength is similar. The effect of resistance motion is better.
【作者单位】：重庆人文科技学院体育教学部;西南大学体育学院;
【分类号】：R87

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