DR和MRI在婴幼儿发育性髋关节脱位诊断中的应用
发布时间:2018-07-11 14:35
本文选题:发育性髋关节脱位(DDH) + 数字化摄片(DR) ; 参考:《苏州大学》2013年硕士论文
【摘要】:第一部分DR对6个月以内婴幼儿发育性髋关节脱位三线比例与脱位类型关系的探讨 目的:探讨数字化摄片(DR)婴幼儿发育性髋关节脱位(DDH)三线比例与脱位类型关系的诊断价值。 材料和方法:选取我院放射科2009年6月至2012年5月间临床疑诊DDH婴幼儿146例,其中男26例,女120例,男女之比为1:4.6;月龄为0-6个月,平均月龄为3.9个月,其中0-2月33例,3-4月53例,5-6月60例;根据Campbell分类,将DDH分为髋关节发育不良、髋关节半脱位、髋关节全脱位三型,本组病例中正常髋关节36例,DDH110例,其中髋关节发育不良40例,髋关节半脱位43例,髋关节全脱位27例;146例中共有正常髋关节134个,脱位髋关节158个,其中发育不良髋57个,半脱位髋59个,全脱位髋42个。以股骨近端干骺端中点(o点)为起点,分别至髋臼外上缘点、Y型软骨中心点、髋臼下缘点作连线(a、b、c线),对此三线长度进行测量,并作统计学处理,探讨三线长度比例与髋关节脱位类型的相关性。 结果:146例患儿的292个髋关节中,36例正常髋关节三线长度的两两比(a/b、a/c、b/c)为1,40例发育不良髋关节其比值大于1,43例半脱位髋关节及27例全脱位髋关节其比值均小于1。b/c值对诊断正常髋关节、髋关节发育不良、髋关节半脱位的敏感性(Se)、特异性(Sp)、尤登指数(YI)较低,而对诊断髋关节全脱位的Se、Sp、YI较高;a/b、a/c值对诊断DDH各脱位类型的Se、Sp、YI均较高。诊断髋关节发育不良,a/b≥1.08的Se、Sp、YI分别为0.917、0.921、0.838(x2=42.89, P=0.000),a/c≥1.05的Se、Sp、YI分别为0.875、0.789、0.644(x2=26.09, P=0.000),二者间差异无显著统计学意义(x2=0.22, P=0.650),初步认为a/b≥1.08或a/c≥1.05可作为诊断髋关节发育不良的参考指标。诊断正常髋关节,0.98≤a/b≤1.07的Se、Sp、YI分别为0.826、0.923、0.749(x2=35.47, P=0.000),0.96≤a/c≤1.04的Se、Sp、YI分别为0.869、0.974、0.843(x2=46.00, P=0.000),二者间差异无显著统计学意义(x2=0.17, P=0.681),初步认为0.98≤a/b≤1.07或0.96≤a/c≤1.04是正常髋关节三线的比值范围。诊断髋关节半脱位,0.87≤a/b≤0.97的Se、Sp、YI分别为0.867、0.957、0.824(x2=42.11, P=0.000),0.83≤a/c≤0.95的Se、Sp、YI分别为0.867、0.936、0.803(x2=38.28, P=0.000),二者间差异无显著统计学意义(x2=0.00, P=0.999),初步认为0.87≤a/b≤0.97或0.83≤a/c≤0.95可作为诊断髋关节半脱位的参考指标。诊断髋关节全脱位,0.57≤a/b≤0.86的Se、Sp、YI分别为0.889、0.968、0.857(x2=58.70, P=0.000),0.50≤a/c≤0.82的Se、Sp、YI分别为0.833、0.968、0.801(x2=53.50, P=0.000),0.73≤b/c≤0.90的Se、Sp、YI分别为0.944、0.903、0.847(x2=48.93, P=0.000),三者间差异无显著统计学意义(x2值分别为0.23、0.36、1.13,P值均大于校正后的检验水准0.017),初步认为此三个区间值均可作为诊断髋关节全脱位的参考指标。 结论:应用DR对婴幼儿发育性髋关节脱位三线比例与脱位类型关系探讨为6个月以内患儿DDH早期诊断提供了客观参考依据。 第二部分低场MRI在婴幼儿发育性髋关节脱位诊断中的应用 目的:探讨低场MRI在婴幼儿发育性髋关节脱位(DDH)诊断中的应用价值。 材料和方法:搜集我院2011年01月至2012年10月间经手术证实的DDH45例(病例组),选择同期无相关临床症状和体征的正常髋关节40例(对照组),共85例。所有85例患儿均作MRI检查,所获图像符合测量及观察标准。45例DDH患儿中,,男7例,女38例,年龄5-36个月,平均月龄为16个月;其中双侧髋脱位28例,单侧髋脱位17例,左侧脱位髋41个,右侧脱位髋32个。40例正常髋关节中,男9例,女31例,年龄为5-36个月,平均月龄为14个月。根据Dunn标准将DDH分为三型(Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型)。在MRI冠状位T1WI图像上测量病例组与对照组髋关节的骨性髋臼指数(BAI)、软骨性髋臼指数(CAI),对测量结果进行统计学分析,比较两组间BAI和CAI的差异,并对病例组、对照组及病例组内各型(Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型)髋脱位BAI、CAI二者间进行线性相关分析;同时观察影响DDH复位的髋关节内及其周围组织的异常改变(关节软骨、盂唇、圆韧带、脂肪增生、关节积液、髂腰肌)。 结果:对照组40例正常髋关节80个,病例组45例脱位髋关节73个,BAI分别为(26.13±2.19)°、(35.87±4.42)°,CAI分别为(13.84±1.07)°、(21.92±4.70)°;Ⅰ型脱位髋30个、Ⅱ型脱位髋20个、Ⅲ型脱位髋23个,BAI分别为(31.80±1.74)°、(37.80±3.40)°和(39.17±4.11)°;CAI分别为(17.20±2.68)°、(20.91±2.02)°和(27.50±2.78)°。BAI和CAI在对照组与病例组间的差异均具有显著统计学意义(t值分别为-11.048和-9.188,P值均为0.000)。BAI和CAI在病例组内各型(Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型)髋脱位间的差异均具有显著统计学意义(F值分别为22.159和47.241,P值均为0.000)。病例组、对照组及病例组内各型(Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型)髋脱位BAI与CAI二者间呈线性正相关(r值分别为0.964、0.844、0.953、0.931和0.870,P值均为0.000)。Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型脱位髋关节中观察到盂唇内翻,圆韧带粗大,髂腰肌挛缩,关节软骨增生,关节积液、脂肪增生等病理变化。 结论:MRI可用于术前测量DDH BAI和CAI值,比较二者在对照组、病例组及病例组内各型(Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型)间的线性相关关系,清晰地显示关节内影响复位的因素,为诊断与治疗提供重要的参考依据。
[Abstract]:A study on the relationship between the three - wire ratio and dislocation type of the first part of DR for 6 months of developmental dislocation of hip joint in infants
Objective : To investigate the diagnostic value of the relationship between the three - line ratio of DDH and dislocation type in infants with digital radiography ( DR ) .
Materials and Methods : From June 2009 to May 2012 , 146 cases of DDH infants were selected from the radiology department of our hospital from June 2009 to May 2012 , including 26 males and 120 females , the ratio of male and female was 1 : 4.6 ;
The monthly age ranged from 0 to 6 months , the mean monthly age was 3.9 months , from 0 to February 33 , 3 to 4 months in 53 cases , from May to June 60 cases ;
According to Campbell ' s classification , the DDH was divided into three types : hip dysplasia , hip half dislocation and total hip dislocation . Among these cases , 36 cases of normal hip joint and 110 cases of DDH110 were found , including 40 cases of hip dysplasia , 43 cases of hip joint and 27 cases of total hip dislocation ;
In 146 cases , there were 134 normal hips , 158 dislocation hips , 57 hips , 59 semi - dislocation hips , and 42 total dislocation hips . The middle point ( o point ) of the proximal dry seal of the femur was taken as the starting point , and the point ( a , b , c ) on the outer upper edge of the femur , the center of the Y - type cartilage and the lower edge of the acetabulum were measured , and the relationship between the three - line length ratio and the dislocation type of the hip joint was discussed .
Results : Among the 292 hips of 146 cases , the ratio of two to two ratios ( a / b , a / c , b / c ) of 36 normal hip joint was 1 , 40 cases of hypoplastic hip joint had a ratio of more than 1 , the ratio of hip dysplasia and hip half dislocation was less than 1 . b / c .
The results showed that Se , Sp , YI were 0.867 , 0.924 , 0.834 ( x2 = 42.89 , P = 0.000 ) , 0.38鈮
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