基于CT影像的三维肺部气管树状结构分析算法研究
发布时间：2018-10-24 12:38
【摘要】：随着医学诊断和治疗模式的改变,使得医疗活动的模式也发生了巨大转变。主要表现在计算机辅助检测的快速发展上。肺部呼吸系统疾病是一类重要的非传染性流行疾病。计算机辅助检测在肺部疾病的检测和诊断中的应用得了充分的肯定。肺部气管的三维树状结构分析方法的研究是当前计算机辅助检测系统的一个重要分支。 本课题的目的是提出了新的三维肺部气管树状结构分析算法,实现了气管骨架的自动提取,进而提取出气管中心线,正式生成树形结构,最后获取气管2D横截面。本课题的CT影像数据均来自辽宁沈阳中国医科大学附属盛京医院。在本课题中首先对CT数据提取二值化气管的骨架,提出拓扑细化算法,满足细化算法要求的四个条件,通过简单点判断,删除边界点直到只剩下单体素的骨架。对于细化后多余的分支,通过剪枝算法,获得剪枝后的骨架。为了生成正式树形结构,对特征点进行识别,即骨架上的分叉点、线上点、线端点和根点。采用二叉树拓扑结构生成三维肺部气管树形结构,对不同级别气管进行分级别存储。最后平滑骨架,得到气管道横截面法向量,从而通过坐标变换获取2D横断面。 本课题对18组数据进行了实验分析,提取出了其肺部气管骨架,并且通过剪枝算法设置不同阂值得到的气管骨架可以满足不同临床要求。生成了正式树形结构,并且实现分级存储信息,标记了各级气管信息,最后获得了各级支气管的2D横断面数据。本课题提出的三维肺部气管树状结构分析算法,为定量分析打下了基础,同时可满足临床需求,对气管道疾病的诊断提供了帮助。
[Abstract]:With the change of the mode of medical diagnosis and treatment, the mode of medical activity has changed greatly. The main performance is the rapid development of computer aided detection. Pulmonary respiratory disease is an important non-communicable epidemic disease. The application of computer aided detection in the detection and diagnosis of pulmonary diseases has been fully affirmed. The research of three-dimensional tree structure analysis method of lung trachea is an important branch of computer aided detection system. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new three-dimensional trachea tree structure analysis algorithm, which can automatically extract the trachea skeleton, then extract the trachea center line, formally generate the tree structure, and finally obtain the trachea 2D cross section. The CT image data of this subject are all from Shengjing Hospital affiliated to Shenyang Medical University of Liaoning Province. In this paper, the skeleton of binary trachea is extracted from CT data, and a topology thinning algorithm is proposed, which meets the four requirements of thinning algorithm. Through simple point judgment, the boundary point is deleted until only the skeleton of single element is left. For the redundant branches after thinning, the skeleton after pruning is obtained by pruning algorithm. In order to generate the formal tree structure, the feature points are identified, that is, the bifurcation points, the line endpoints and the root points on the skeleton. Three dimensional lung trachea tree structure was generated by binary tree topology, and different grades of trachea were stored. Finally, the normal cross section vector of gas pipeline is obtained by smoothing the skeleton, and the 2D cross section is obtained by coordinate transformation. In this paper, 18 groups of data were analyzed experimentally, and the tracheal skeleton of lung was extracted, and the tracheal skeleton with different threshold was set by pruning algorithm to meet different clinical requirements. The formal tree structure was generated, and the information was stored at different levels, and the tracheal information was labeled. Finally, 2D cross-sectional data of all bronchi were obtained. The three-dimensional trachea tree structure analysis algorithm proposed in this paper lays a foundation for quantitative analysis and can meet the clinical needs and provide help for the diagnosis of gas pipeline diseases.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R816.41;TP391.72
本文编号：2291443
[Abstract]:With the change of the mode of medical diagnosis and treatment, the mode of medical activity has changed greatly. The main performance is the rapid development of computer aided detection. Pulmonary respiratory disease is an important non-communicable epidemic disease. The application of computer aided detection in the detection and diagnosis of pulmonary diseases has been fully affirmed. The research of three-dimensional tree structure analysis method of lung trachea is an important branch of computer aided detection system. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new three-dimensional trachea tree structure analysis algorithm, which can automatically extract the trachea skeleton, then extract the trachea center line, formally generate the tree structure, and finally obtain the trachea 2D cross section. The CT image data of this subject are all from Shengjing Hospital affiliated to Shenyang Medical University of Liaoning Province. In this paper, the skeleton of binary trachea is extracted from CT data, and a topology thinning algorithm is proposed, which meets the four requirements of thinning algorithm. Through simple point judgment, the boundary point is deleted until only the skeleton of single element is left. For the redundant branches after thinning, the skeleton after pruning is obtained by pruning algorithm. In order to generate the formal tree structure, the feature points are identified, that is, the bifurcation points, the line endpoints and the root points on the skeleton. Three dimensional lung trachea tree structure was generated by binary tree topology, and different grades of trachea were stored. Finally, the normal cross section vector of gas pipeline is obtained by smoothing the skeleton, and the 2D cross section is obtained by coordinate transformation. In this paper, 18 groups of data were analyzed experimentally, and the tracheal skeleton of lung was extracted, and the tracheal skeleton with different threshold was set by pruning algorithm to meet different clinical requirements. The formal tree structure was generated, and the information was stored at different levels, and the tracheal information was labeled. Finally, 2D cross-sectional data of all bronchi were obtained. The three-dimensional trachea tree structure analysis algorithm proposed in this paper lays a foundation for quantitative analysis and can meet the clinical needs and provide help for the diagnosis of gas pipeline diseases.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R816.41;TP391.72
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