不同任务强度下人体握力及其控制研究

发布时间：2018-11-25 17:58

【摘要】：握力是指人体在抓握物体时产生的力量,是反映人体上肢肌肉群发达程度的重要指标,是一种被广为采用的评价身体机能的力量指标。对其的研究与应用涉及生理学,病理学,康复医学,人体工效学和运动控制等学科。但因为条件与观念的限制,以往研究还停留在比较浅显的位置上。就是将握力力量数值作为一个评价指标应用于研究当中,缺乏对握力本身产生规律的研究。近年来,测量精度大幅提升,并且结合计算机技术的应用,可以做到测量数据实时输出与分析。为深层次研究握力数据提供的必要的技术基础。鉴于此,本文以运动生物力学和运动控制的理论为基础,分析了人体在不同任务强度下握力产生及控制的规律与特点。得出了具有应用价值的结论。首先,论文对国内外握力研究的现状做总结概述,将近几年的握力研究现状进行了较为详细的阐述。然后全文分为3个部分,层层递进,将握力研究进行深化与拓展。第一部分深入挖掘握力数据信息,将原有的单一研究对象,分为最大握力值,最大握力增长速率,握力增长持续时间,平均握力增长速率4个研究对象。探讨各变量间的相互关系。得出无论男女,最大握力值与最大握力增长速率间均具有高度显著相关性。这表明握力的本质是一种爆发力。然后分析握力增长与衰减的曲线,得出握力增长要经过快速增长,慢速增长和波动增长3个阶段。而握力衰减要经过快速衰减与慢速衰减2个阶段。握力衰减的最主要原因是肌肉的疲劳。第二部分概括总结了3种常见的握力抓握方式,持续性抓握,间歇性抓握,节律性抓握。描述了每一种抓握方式的主要特点。然后集中讨论持续性抓握与节律性抓握的最大握力值差异。通过比较发现,节律性抓握产生的力值与持续性抓握产生的力值有显著性差异,节律性产生的力值更大。其主要原因是由于提高了神经系统的兴奋性。这表明现在主流的握力测试方法还有较大的改进空间。第三部分将握力测试作为一种手段,研究人体在进行高强度与低强度随意抓握时,握力控制准确性的问题。发现在男性比女性更多的表现出在高强度下握力控制的准确性要高于低强度下的准确性的现象.在没有视觉与口头提醒的前提下,控制的准确性会随着控制次数的增加而下降,这在男性样本尤为明显。
[Abstract]:Grip force refers to the strength produced by the human body when it grips an object. It is an important index reflecting the degree of muscle development in the upper limb of the human body. It is a widely used strength index to evaluate the body function. Its research and application involve physiology, pathology, rehabilitation medicine, ergonomics and exercise control. However, due to the limitations of conditions and concepts, previous studies remain in a relatively simple position. Grip strength is used as an evaluation index in the study, lack of research on the grip strength itself. In recent years, the accuracy of measurement has been greatly improved, and combined with the application of computer technology, the real-time output and analysis of measurement data can be achieved. It provides the necessary technical basis for the deep study of grip strength data. In view of this, based on the theory of motion biomechanics and motion control, this paper analyzes the rules and characteristics of grip force generation and control under different task intensities. The conclusion with application value is obtained. Firstly, the paper summarizes the current situation of grip strength research at home and abroad, and elaborates the current situation of grip strength research in recent years. Then the full text is divided into three parts, layer by layer, to deepen and expand the grip strength research. The first part deeply excavates the grip strength data information, divides the original single research object into four research objects: the maximum grip strength value, the maximum grip strength growth rate, the grip strength growth duration and the average grip strength growth rate. The relationship between variables is discussed. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the maximum grip strength and the maximum grip strength growth rate in both men and women. This shows that the nature of grip strength is a burst. Then, by analyzing the curve of grip strength growth and attenuation, it is concluded that grip strength growth must go through three stages: rapid growth, slow growth and fluctuation growth. The grip force attenuation must go through two stages: fast attenuation and slow attenuation. The main reason for the loss of grip strength is muscle fatigue. In the second part, three kinds of common grip methods, persistent grip, intermittent grip and rhythmic grip, are summarized. The main features of each kind of grip are described. Then we focus on the difference of maximum grip strength between persistent grip and rhythmic grip. It is found that the force produced by rhythmic grip is significantly different from that produced by persistent grip, and the force produced by rhythmicity is even greater. The main reason is that it increases the excitability of the nervous system. This indicates that there is still much room for improvement in the current mainstream grip strength testing methods. In the third part, gripping force measurement is used as a means to study the accuracy of grip control when the human body grips freely with high strength and low strength. It was found that more men than women showed the accuracy of grip control at high intensity was higher than that at low intensity. In the absence of visual and verbal reminders, the accuracy of control decreased as the number of controls increased, especially in male samples.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G804.2

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