向心结合不同速度离心训练对膝关节屈伸肌群肌电变化的特征分析
发布时间：2018-11-26 06:54
【摘要】：离心力量是力量素质的重要一环,发展肌肉离心力量能够有效增加下肢稳定性,降低损伤的风险。离心力量训练已经成为力量训练和康复训练中的重要方法之一。就目前研究来看,向心结合离心训练对肌肉快速力量的影响和向心结合离心训练与速度因素之间关系的相关研究较为少见。本文试图利用表面肌电这一手段从肌肉离心收缩的生理学角度来阐述说明向心结合不同速度离心力量训练对肌纤维动员的影响以及神经肌肉调控的变化,为向心结合离心训练的应用提供理论支持。 随机将30名北京体育大学足球专项男生分为向心结合快速离心力量训练组(F组)、向心结合慢速离心力量训练组(S组)和空白对照组(C组),F组和S组利用Miha力量训练仪进行膝关节屈伸肌群的离心力量训练。F组和S组受试者在向心收缩到达关节活动范围末端后分别进行1s和3s的离心收缩,每组重复7次,每次训练进行5组,组间间歇3分钟。每周训练3次,持续6周。C组不进行任何力量训练。分别在训练前、训练2周后和训练结束后利用Megawin6000T16测试仪采集F组、S组以及C组受试者伸膝肌群和屈膝肌群在进行向心结合快、慢速离心收缩过程中的表面肌电信号。肌电处理后进行比较分析。 研究结果：1、向心结合快速离心力量训练6周后,股二头肌离心力量训练时,股直肌RMS显著下降。2、向心结合慢速离心力量训练6周后,股四头肌和股二头肌的肌电特征均未发生显著变化。3、6周训练后,股四头肌离心力量训练时股外肌、股直肌、股内肌的RMS呈现慢速组非常显著低于快速组。股二头肌离心力量训练时股直肌的动员率和MPF慢速组显著低于快速组；股内肌的RMS慢速组显著低于快速组；股二头肌的RMS和MPF慢速组显著低于快速组。 研究结论：1、向心结合快速离心力量和慢速力量训练前后,股四头肌和股二头肌参与离心收缩的肌纤维数量逐渐下降,动员的肌纤维类型无显著变化；2、向心结合快速离心力量训练过程中参与离心收缩的肌纤维数量显著高于向心结合慢速离心力量训练,神经肌肉协调工作能力显著优于向心结合慢速离心力量训练,做功量小于向心结合慢速离心力量训练。在训练实践中向心结合快速离心力量训练是较好的选择。
[Abstract]:Centrifugal strength is an important part of strength quality. The development of muscle centrifugal strength can effectively increase the stability of lower limbs and reduce the risk of injury. Centrifugal strength training has become one of the important methods in strength training and rehabilitation training. As far as current research is concerned, the influence of concentric combined centrifugal training on muscle fast strength and the relationship between centripetal and centrifugal training and speed factors are rare. In this paper, surface electromyography is used to explain the effects of centripetal and centrifugal strength training on muscle fiber mobilization and the changes of neuromuscular regulation from the physiological point of view of muscle centrifugal contraction. It provides theoretical support for the application of centripetal training combined with centrifugal training. Thirty soccer special male students of Beijing physical Education University were randomly divided into three groups: group F, group S, and group C, respectively. Group F and group S underwent eccentric strength training of flexion and extensor muscles of the knee joint by Miha strength training instrument. The subjects of group F and group S underwent centrifugal contraction for 1 s and 3 s respectively after the concentric contraction reached the end of the range of motion of the joint, which were repeated 7 times in each group. Five groups were trained each time, the interval between groups was 3 minutes. Exercise 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Group C did not perform any strength training. Before training, 2 weeks after training and 2 weeks after training, the surface EMG signals of group F, group S and group C were collected by means of Megawin6000T16 tester. After electromyoelectric treatment, comparative analysis was carried out. The results were as follows: 1. After 6 weeks of concentric and rapid centrifugal strength training, the RMS of rectus femoris decreased significantly after 6 weeks of eccentric strength training, and after 6 weeks of concentric combined with slow centrifugal strength training, the RMS of rectus femoris decreased significantly. The electromyography of quadriceps femoris and biceps femoris did not change significantly. After 6 weeks of training, the RMS of the lateral, rectus and medial muscles of the quadriceps femoris was significantly lower in the slow group than in the fast group. The mobilization rate of rectus femoris and MPF slow group were significantly lower than those of fast group, RMS slow group was lower than fast group, RMS and MPF slow group of biceps femoris were significantly lower than that of fast group in eccentric strength training of biceps femoris. Conclusions: 1. Before and after the training of concentric and rapid centrifugal strength and slow strength, the number of myofibers of quadriceps femoris and biceps femoris participating in centrifugal contraction decreased gradually, but the types of muscle fibers mobilized did not change significantly; (2) the number of muscle fibers involved in centrifugal contraction was significantly higher than that in concentric combined with slow centrifugal strength training, and the ability of neuromuscular coordination was significantly better than that of centripetal and slow centrifugal strength training. The amount of work done is less than that of centripetal combined with slow centrifugal strength training. In training practice, it is a better choice to combine centripetal training with fast centrifugal strength training.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R455
本文编号：2357672
[Abstract]:Centrifugal strength is an important part of strength quality. The development of muscle centrifugal strength can effectively increase the stability of lower limbs and reduce the risk of injury. Centrifugal strength training has become one of the important methods in strength training and rehabilitation training. As far as current research is concerned, the influence of concentric combined centrifugal training on muscle fast strength and the relationship between centripetal and centrifugal training and speed factors are rare. In this paper, surface electromyography is used to explain the effects of centripetal and centrifugal strength training on muscle fiber mobilization and the changes of neuromuscular regulation from the physiological point of view of muscle centrifugal contraction. It provides theoretical support for the application of centripetal training combined with centrifugal training. Thirty soccer special male students of Beijing physical Education University were randomly divided into three groups: group F, group S, and group C, respectively. Group F and group S underwent eccentric strength training of flexion and extensor muscles of the knee joint by Miha strength training instrument. The subjects of group F and group S underwent centrifugal contraction for 1 s and 3 s respectively after the concentric contraction reached the end of the range of motion of the joint, which were repeated 7 times in each group. Five groups were trained each time, the interval between groups was 3 minutes. Exercise 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Group C did not perform any strength training. Before training, 2 weeks after training and 2 weeks after training, the surface EMG signals of group F, group S and group C were collected by means of Megawin6000T16 tester. After electromyoelectric treatment, comparative analysis was carried out. The results were as follows: 1. After 6 weeks of concentric and rapid centrifugal strength training, the RMS of rectus femoris decreased significantly after 6 weeks of eccentric strength training, and after 6 weeks of concentric combined with slow centrifugal strength training, the RMS of rectus femoris decreased significantly. The electromyography of quadriceps femoris and biceps femoris did not change significantly. After 6 weeks of training, the RMS of the lateral, rectus and medial muscles of the quadriceps femoris was significantly lower in the slow group than in the fast group. The mobilization rate of rectus femoris and MPF slow group were significantly lower than those of fast group, RMS slow group was lower than fast group, RMS and MPF slow group of biceps femoris were significantly lower than that of fast group in eccentric strength training of biceps femoris. Conclusions: 1. Before and after the training of concentric and rapid centrifugal strength and slow strength, the number of myofibers of quadriceps femoris and biceps femoris participating in centrifugal contraction decreased gradually, but the types of muscle fibers mobilized did not change significantly; (2) the number of muscle fibers involved in centrifugal contraction was significantly higher than that in concentric combined with slow centrifugal strength training, and the ability of neuromuscular coordination was significantly better than that of centripetal and slow centrifugal strength training. The amount of work done is less than that of centripetal combined with slow centrifugal strength training. In training practice, it is a better choice to combine centripetal training with fast centrifugal strength training.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R455
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