少年和成年业余长跑选手最大摄氧量与左心室形态功能、氧运输能力关系研究

发布时间：2018-12-07 07:08

【摘要】：目的：最大摄氧量（maximum oxygen uptake，V O_2max）概念在运动生理学界被提出，已近八十年。研究表明，最大摄氧量是反映人体心肺功能及肌肉功能水平和评价有氧运动能力的可靠指标，，已经被用于评价运动训练效果，制定运动处方，以及临床上健康-危险评估。影响最大摄氧量的因素仍然是近些年研究学者争议的焦点问题。目前有关成人最大摄氧量限制因素的研究相对较多。关于少年的相关报道颇少，零星的研究结果似乎提示，影响少年最大摄氧量的因素可能与成人有所不同，然而尚未得到直接的研究证据所证实。本文拟观察少年和成年业余长跑选手最大摄氧量与左心室形态功能、血液氧运输能力的关系，探索少年和成年业余长跑选手最大摄氧量限制因素的异同，旨在为少年运动选材和科学化运动训练提供理论和实践依据。方法:本文选取训练年限和周训练量近似的少年（15.0±1.5岁）和成年（25.7±2.9岁）男子业余长跑选手各10名为研究对象。在实验室条件下，让受试者完成一次跑台逐级递增运动测试，以测试其最大摄氧量（有氧运动能力），二维和多普勒超声心动图测算左心室形态和功能。运用全自动血球分析仪测量血红蛋白和红细胞压积，反映血液氧运输能力。分析受试者左心室形态功能、血红蛋白等各参数与最大摄氧量关系。结果： 1、少年业余长跑选手最大摄氧量与左心室各形态参数、射血功能（心输出量、每搏量）密切相关（P0.05, n=10）,与左心室左心室舒张功能并无关联。然而，成年业余长跑选手最大摄氧量仅与心脏射血功能呈正相关关系，与左心室形态指标、舒张功能无关。综合分析（n=20）发现，最大摄氧量水平高的业余长跑选手，左心室质量（LVM）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVIDd）、心输出量（CO）和每搏输出量（SV）等明显高于最大摄氧量水平低的业余长跑选手；而心脏舒张功能和氧运输能力并无显著差异。 2、少年与成年业余长跑选手血红蛋白与最大摄氧量无相关关系。 3、少年和成年业余长跑选手最大摄氧量与身高、体重、瘦体重等身体形态指标有关。另外，少年业余长跑选手最大摄氧量水平受身体生长发育影响。结论： 1、左心室腔室容积和质量是限制有氧运动能力的重要因素之一。相对于成年业余长跑选手，少年业余长跑选手有氧运动能力受左心室腔容积和质量大小影响更为明显。心脏射血能力（心输出量，每搏输出量）是限制少年和成年业余长跑选手有氧运动能力（最大摄氧量）的关键因素。然而左心室舒张功能（E，A和E/A）对最大摄氧量影响不大。因此，心脏排空能力比充盈能力对有氧运动能力的影响更大。 2、对于受过一定运动训练的个体来说，血液氧运输能力（Hb）对最大摄氧量（有氧运动能力）的影响很小。 3、少年业余长跑选手处于青春发育期，影响少年业余长跑选手最大摄氧量（有氧运动能力）限制因素比成年业余长跑选手更为复杂。
[Abstract]:Objective: The concept of maximum oxygen uptake (V O _ 2max) has been proposed in the sport physiology community for nearly 80 years. The results show that the maximum oxygen uptake is a reliable index to reflect the cardio-pulmonary function and the muscle function level and to evaluate the aerobic exercise ability. It has been used to evaluate the effect of exercise training, to develop a motion prescription, and to evaluate the clinical health-risk. The factors that affect the maximum oxygen uptake are still the focus of the research in recent years. At present, the study on the limiting factors of the maximum oxygen uptake in adults is relatively high. There are few relevant reports on the juvenile, and the results of the sporadic research seem to suggest that the factors that affect the maximum oxygen uptake of the juvenile may be different from that of the adult, but have not yet been confirmed by the direct study evidence. This paper is to observe the relationship between the maximum oxygen uptake and the left ventricular function and the blood oxygen transport ability of the young and adult amateur long-distance runners, and to explore the difference and the difference between the maximum oxygen uptake of the young and adult-time long-distance runners. The aim of this paper is to provide the theoretical and practical basis for the selection and scientific movement training of the juvenile. Methods: 10 young (15: 0, 1. 5) and adult (25. 7, 2. 9 years old) and adult (25. 7, 2. 9) male-time long-distance runners were selected in this paper. For example, under laboratory conditions, the subject was allowed to complete a step-by-step incremental exercise test to test its maximum oxygen uptake (aerobic exercise), two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography to measure left ventricular morphology and work. can be used for measuring hemoglobin and red blood cell pressure product by using a full-automatic blood cell analyzer, and reflecting the blood oxygen transportation energy. Force. Analysis of the left ventricular function, hemoglobin and other parameters of the subject and the maximum oxygen uptake Department. Results: 1. The maximum oxygen uptake of amateur long-distance runners was closely related to the parameters of left ventricle (cardiac output, stroke volume) (P0.05, n = 10), and left ventricular diastolic function in the left ventricle. However, the maximum oxygen uptake of the adult amateur long-distance runner is related to the function of the cardiac output, and it is related to the left ventricular form index, Shu. The comprehensive analysis (n = 20) found that amateur long-distance runners, left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd), cardiac output (CO), and stroke volume (SV), etc., of the highest oxygen uptake level were significantly higher than those of the maximum oxygen uptake level. a long-distance runner; a heart-diastolic function and an oxygen transport capacity. no significant difference. The hemoglobin and the maximum of the young and adult-time long-distance runners the oxygen content is not related. 3. The maximum oxygen uptake and height, body weight and lean body weight of the young and adult amateur long-distance runners in addition, that maximum oxygen uptake level of the amateur long-distance runner be affected by the body Effect of growth and development. Conclusion: 1. The volume and quality of the left ventricular chamber are limited. One of the most important factors in the aerobic exercise ability. The aerobic exercise ability of the amateur long-distance runner is affected by the left ventricular chamber with respect to the adult amateur long-distance runner The effects of volume and mass are more pronounced. The cardiac output (cardiac output, stroke volume) is the ability to limit the aerobic exercise of young and adult-time long-distance runners Key factors for force (maximum oxygen uptake). However, left ventricular diastolic function (E, A and E/ A) The effect on the maximum oxygen uptake is not large. Therefore, the cardiac evacuation capacity is lower than the filling energy. the effect of the force on the aerobic exercise is greater. For individuals with a certain exercise training, the blood oxygen transport capacity (Hb) is the largest. the effect of the oxygen content (aerobic exercise ability) is very small. 3. The amateur long-distance runner is in the youth development period, which affects the maximum oxygen uptake of the amateur long-distance runner (aerobic exercise ability)
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R87

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