整合性神经肌肉训练预防青少年女性运动性膝关节损伤

发布时间：2019-01-21 15:12

【摘要】：背景:与单一的本体感觉训练方法和简单的躯干和臀部的神经肌肉训练方法相比,整合性神经肌肉训练具有综合性的效果,可以预防膝关节运动损伤。目的:进一步验证整合性神经肌肉训练可以增强青少年女性运动素质和改善跳跃时的下肢生物力学模式。方法:将18名青少年女性网球运动员随机分为2组,实验组进行为期8周的整合性神经肌肉训练+技术性训练,内容主要包括下肢力量、核心稳定性、超等长训练、动态平衡、灵敏、速度等方面;对照组进行8周的日常网球训练(传统性体能训练)+技术性训练,分别在整合性神经肌肉训练干预前1周及训练干预后第9周进行纵跳成绩、动态平衡、灵敏性测试和下肢生物力学纵向的前后测试,量化整合性神经肌肉训练对其运动素质和预防膝关节损伤的影响。结果与结论:(1)实验组前后测试的纵跳成绩、灵敏性测试成绩、总体稳定指数、膝关节伸展角度和膝内外翻力矩均得到了改善(P0.05);(2)整合性神经肌肉训练不仅可以提高青少年女性运动时的下肢爆发力、动态平衡和灵敏性能力等运动素质,也可以改善其跳跃时的下肢生物力学模式,加大跳跃落地时的膝关节的屈伸角度,降低膝内翻和膝外翻的扭矩。
[Abstract]:Background: compared with single proprioceptive training and simple neuromuscular training of trunk and hip, integrated neuromuscular training has comprehensive effect and can prevent knee motion injury. Objective: to further verify that integrative neuromuscular training can enhance the athletic quality of adolescent women and improve the lower limb biomechanical model during jumping. Methods: eighteen adolescent female tennis players were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group received 8 weeks of integrated neuromuscular training technical training, which mainly included lower limb strength, core stability, super-isometric training and dynamic balance. Sensitivity, speed and so on; The control group received daily tennis training (traditional physical training) technical training for 8 weeks. The scores of vertical jump were performed 1 week before the integrated neuromuscular training intervention and 9 weeks after the training intervention to achieve dynamic balance. Sensitivity test and longitudinal test of lower limb biomechanics were used to quantify the effects of integrative neuromuscular training on motor quality and prevention of knee joint injury. Results and conclusion: (1) the scores of longitudinal jump, sensitivity test, total stability index, knee extension angle and knee torque were improved in the experimental group (P0.05). (2) integrative neuromuscular training can not only improve the lower extremity explosive force, dynamic balance and sensitivity of young women, but also improve the lower limb biomechanical mode when they jump. Increase the angle of knee flexion and extension when jumping to ground, reduce the torque of genu varus and genu valgus.
【作者单位】：北京体育大学;淮北师范大学;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金教育学青年课题(CLA140161)~~
【分类号】：R873

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