航空鼻科疾病防控措施和医学鉴定的临床研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 03:10

本文关键词：航空鼻科疾病防控措施和医学鉴定的临床研究　出处：《临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志》2015年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的:探讨飞行人员航空鼻科疾病的临床特点,为其防控措施和医学鉴定提供参考。方法:分析和总结1966-2013年503例605例次飞行人员鼻科疾病患者的住院资料。结果:1605例次航空鼻科疾病包括550例次一般鼻科疾病和55例次特殊鼻科疾病,一般鼻科疾病包括140例次结构异常性疾病、290例次炎症性疾病、73例次变应性疾病和47例次囊肿肿瘤性疾病;特殊鼻科疾病为55例次鼻窦气压伤(SB)。2SB发生于额窦和(或)上颌窦的比例为95.55%。3囊肿肿瘤性疾病所继发的SB构成比高于结构异常性疾病、炎症性疾病、变应性疾病(均P0.05)。4继发性SB的停飞构成比高于结构异常性疾病、炎症性疾病、变应性疾病和囊肿肿瘤性疾病的停飞构成比(均P0.05)。5不同机种飞行人员低压舱检查方案不尽相同,鼻窦气压功能合格的飞行人员方可继续飞行。6航空鼻科疾病的治疗要点是治愈鼻内病变的同时恢复窦口通畅,医学鉴定要点是恢复正常的鼻窦气压功能。结论:航空鼻科疾病的医学鉴定关键是评估低压舱鼻窦气压功能,规范的航空鼻科疾病诊治和医学鉴定可有效避免飞行事故,提高出勤率。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the clinical features of aviation nose diseases in pilots. Methods: to analyze and summarize the data of 503 cases of inpatients with nasal diseases of flight personnel during 1966-2013. Results:. 1605 cases of aviation nasal diseases included 550 general nasal diseases and 55 special nasal diseases. The general nasal diseases included 140 cases of structural abnormalities, 290 cases of inflammatory diseases, 73 cases of allergic diseases and 47 cases of cyst tumor diseases. Special nasal diseases: 55 cases of secondary sinus barotrauma occurred in the frontal sinus and / or the frontal sinus. The ratio of SB composition in the maxillary sinus was 95.55.3 and higher than that in the structural abnormalities secondary to tumor diseases of cyst. Inflammatory disease, allergic disease (all P0.054.The ratio of secondary SB) was higher than that of structural disorder and inflammatory disease. The composition ratio of hypersensitive disease and cyst tumor disease (P0.05- 5) was different for the low-pressure cabin examination of different flight crew. Aircrew with qualified sinusoidal air pressure function can continue to fly .6 the main point of treatment of aeronautical nasal diseases is to cure the nasal diseases and restore the patency of the sinus orifice at the same time. The main point of medical identification is to restore normal sinus barometric function. Conclusion: the key to medical identification of aeronautical nasal diseases is to evaluate the function of sinus pressure in low pressure cabin. Standardized diagnosis and treatment of aeronautical nose diseases and medical identification can effectively avoid flight accidents and improve attendance.
【作者单位】：空军总医院全军临床航空医学中心;武汉市第三医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科;
【基金】：解放军总后勤部资助项目(No:AKJ12B028)
【分类号】：R85
【正文快照】： 航空鼻科学的内涵主要包括飞行人员鼻科疾病的体检、诊治、功能检查和医学鉴定等内容〔1〕。航空鼻科疾病分为一般鼻科疾病和特殊鼻科疾病——鼻窦气压伤(sinus barotrauma,SB)。相关研究显示,航空鼻科疾病占歼击机飞行员耳鼻咽喉科疾病谱的第2位〔2〕,占飞行学员耳鼻咽喉科停

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