维和卫勤保障中的特殊医德问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 16:18

本文选题：维和行动 + 卫勤保障　；参考：《第四军医大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 我国古代有“上医医国、中医医人、下医医病。有道医灵魂,无道不成医”之说,即上医能够医治国家,中医能够医治人的思想灵魂,下医则只能医治人的肉体。对于一名医生来说,具备高尚的医德,远比仅仅凭借药物来去邪治病更为重要。随着现代科学技术的迅猛发展,医学模式的转变,社会环境的变化亦引起了医德基本范畴的不断拓展和深化。医德在不同的领域、不同的时期表现出不同的问题,即就需要特殊的医德原则和规范。维和等境外领域开展医疗救助就有其特殊的医德要求。卫勤部队是我军重要的组成部分,在信息化战争中的地位、作用显得更加突出。在新的历史条件下,研究我军在维和等境外环境卫勤保障中的特殊医德问题,必须坚持历史与逻辑、继承与创新、理论与实践相统一的方法论原则,坚持系统方法、开放方法、实验方法、实践方法、综合方法等具体方法。本研究从普遍性与特殊性相结合的角度,对联合国授权下的国际性维和行动及我国参与的维和任务进行了分析,指出在当今世界局势条件下,参与维和任务与卫勤保障所应遵守的医德原则:联合国受命原则;受援国同意原则;出兵国中立原则;和平与稳定原则;负责任原则和增进友谊原则。借助《日内瓦公约》的相关内容,对人道主义精神与卫勤保障的医德要求进行了初步论述,总结了我军在以往战争中发扬人道主义精神所遵循的规范。其主要表现在:在政治上尊重人格;生活上和精神上给予其特殊的待遇;实行“救死扶伤”,慎重处理阵亡人员;尊重宗教信仰;免费邮寄信函等物;积极组织遣返等。通过调查研究发现,我军在执行联合国维和任务时,所处的卫勤保障环境与国内相比明显不同,医疗条件不同,面对的人际关系与国内有着根本差异以及遇到的伤病谱系也可能与国内有很多不同。卫勤保障人员面对着很多未知的情况,可能会遇到从未见过的问题。因此,在维和条件下,我军医务工作者必须坚守以下特殊医德理念:一是保障战斗力首位;二是医生要与士兵同在;三是卫勤先行;四是尊重公序良俗;五是抢救顺序先抢后救、先重后轻、先急后缓、先近后远;六是积极后送施救;七是必要时采取紧急避险;八是要关爱亡者;九是在战后积极消除战争后遗症;十是对相关信息保密,不予告知。在新形势下,针对军队特殊医德问题研究的比较少,特殊医德问题教育的比较少等军队医德建设现状,本研究试图从医学伦理学、军事社会学、战争法学等角度,有针对性的探寻特殊医德素质的培养方法。提出了:一是开拓视野,加强特殊环境下卫勤保障中的医德研究;二是深化教育,熟悉适应特殊环境下卫勤保障中的医德要求;三是模拟实战,在实践中强化特殊环境下军医的职业道德素质;四是比较吸收,借鉴外军在特殊环境下处理医德问题的经验;五是建立制度,完善特殊环境下军队医德职业的特殊规范等一套科学性和时效性较强的特殊医德规范教育对策。
[Abstract]:In ancient China , there were " upper medical doctors , traditional Chinese medicine doctors , and lower medical doctors " . It is said that the upper medicine can cure the country , the traditional Chinese medicine can cure the soul of the human mind , and the lower medicine can only cure the human flesh . For a doctor , it is more important than merely relying on drugs to treat the disease .

With the rapid development of modern science and technology , the transformation of medical model and the change of social environment also cause the expanding and deepening of the basic category of medical ethics .

It is an important part of our army to study the status and function of our army in the information war . Under the new historical conditions , we must adhere to the methodology principles of the unification of history and logic , inheritance and innovation , theory and practice , persist in systematic methods , open methods , experimental methods , practical methods , comprehensive methods and so on .

From the perspective of universality and particularity , this study analyses the international peacekeeping operation under the authority of the United Nations and the peacekeeping missions involved in our country , and points out that in the current world situation , the principles of medical ethics that should be observed in the field of peacekeeping missions and security : the principle of the United Nations , the principle of consent of recipient countries , the principle of neutrality of troop - contributing countries , the principle of peace and stability , the principle of responsible principle and the principle of friendship and friendship .

With the help of the relevant contents of the Geneva Conventions , the medical and moral requirements of humanitarian spirit and security are discussed , and the norms that our army has followed in the past wars are summarized . The main manifestations are : respect for personality in politics ; life and spirit ; respect for religious belief ; free postal correspondence ; and active organization of repatriation .

According to the investigation , we found that in the implementation of the United Nations peacekeeping mission , the security environment of our army is obviously different from that in the country , the medical conditions are different , the relationship with the country has the fundamental difference and the injury spectrum is likely to be different from the country . Therefore , in the situation of peacekeeping , the medical personnel of our army must adhere to the following special medical ethics idea : First , to guard the battle force first ; secondly , to respect the public order ; thirdly , to take emergency contraception after the rescue sequence ;

In the new situation , according to the relatively few research on the special medical ethics problem of the army and the comparatively small education of special medical ethics , this paper tries to find out the training methods of special medical ethics quality from the angles of medical ethics , military sociology , war law and so on .
【学位授予单位】：第四军医大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：R82

【引证文献】