轻、中度缺氧条件下亮度对比度及声强对脑认知功能影响的实验研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 02:44

  本文选题：缺氧 + 认知功能　； 参考：《第四军医大学》2001年硕士论文

【摘要】： 急性缺氧影响脑认知功能，其主要表现是视、听觉传入通道反应 时（Reaction time，RT）延长，脑事件相关电位（Event related potential， ERP）P_(300)成分潜时延长等方面。在现代航空飞行中，随着飞机性能 的提高，计算机已经在该领域得到了广泛的应用，就如何提高飞行员 在以计算机为视频显示终端（Visual display terminal，VDT）的条件下 的视觉工效，其中亮度对比度是影响视觉工效问题的重要因素之一。 在急性缺氧条件下探讨使脑认知工效最佳的亮度对比度对提高飞行中 飞行员的认知功能具有重要意义；听觉通道是外界信息传入的又一重 要通道，在现代航空中，由于大部分信息是依赖视觉通道传入，必然 会引起视觉通道负荷太重，造成脑认知工效下降，因此信息传入的听 觉通路日益引起工效学家的重视，已有研究表明在视、听双通道传人 模式中脑认知工效最高，故研究急性缺氧条件下最佳声强值亦具有重 要意义。迄今为止对急性缺氧条件下脑认知功能障碍的发生时段尚无 第四军医大学硕士学位论文 一致认识。 本实验目的在于：门得出轻、中度缺氧条件下最佳亮度对比度 值；2）得出轻、中度缺氧条件下最佳声强值；3）利用加因素法分析 地面及5 000m高低两个不同高度，55dB及80dB强弱两个不同声强 的反应时及P。。。潜时，得出脑功能障碍发生时段。通过以上研究为航 空工效学的研究及制订相关标准提供人体实验依据。 本研究以14名健康男性青年作为被试者，分别在地面、1500m、 3000m、5000m进行5个不同亮度对比度（8：1，10：1，12：l，14：1， 16：1）的视觉oddball测试和5种不同声强值（55、60、70、80、85dB） 的听觉 oddbal测试，屏幕亮度设为 20cdimdjm，环境噪声为 30dB，实 验采用完全随机设计，即在不同高度、不同亮度对比度及不同声强值 之间完全随机。实验分两部分，先进行不同亮度对比度部分的实验， 后进行不同声强值部分的实验，实验中测试视觉、听觉 oddball任务 的反应时，脑事件相关电位P。。。成分潜伏期，监测血氧饱和度，主观 感觉评定等项生理心理学指标。 主要实验结果如下： 1．在不同高度的不同亮度对比度任务间，P删潜时、RT的差别 随高度的不同而不同，在地面及1500In，P。潜时、RT在各对比度 任务间无显著差别，而在3 000m及 5 000m高度，P删潜时、RT在对 比度为14：1时比其它对比度时的巳。潜时、RT显著缩短。表明在轻 度缺氧条件下（01 500In），对比度的变化对脑认知功能无明显影响； 中度缺氧条件下，脑认知功能随亮度对比度增加而提高，在屏幕亮度 为 20Cdjm时，最佳对比度为 14：l。 2．在地面最佳声强值为60～70dB，在1500m轻度缺氧条件下， 最佳声强值仍为60～70dB，，表明轻度缺氧对听觉通道影响不显著。 11 9 第四军医大学硕士学位论文 在3 000m、5 000m高度最佳声强值提高至70～80dB，这一结果表明 以听觉为通道传导的脑认知工效在3 000In及5 000m时下降，需加大 声强才能保持原有水平。 3．在 5 000n高度听觉反应时显著延长，高声强刺激信号时 （80dB）反应时显著缩短；高度与声强间存在交互作用，根据加因素 法理论分析，本实验得出的结论是缺氧影响脑对信息反应过程的前加 工阶段。 通过以上研究，得出轻、中度缺氧条件下最佳亮度对比度值及 声强值，并对急性缺氧脑功能障碍的发生时段进行了初步的探讨，但 本实验仅对特定条件下（一定的环境条件如屏幕背景亮度、照度和环 境噪声）的最佳亮度对比度值和声强值进行了探讨，对不同实验条件 下的最佳亮度对比度值及声强值尚需进一步实验得出。
[Abstract]:Acute hypoxia affects brain cognitive function , and its main manifestations are visual and auditory afferent pathways .









time ( RT ) extension , brain event related potential ,









ERP ) P _ ( 300 ) component latent time extension and so on . In modern aviation flight , with the aircraft performance









With the improvement of the computer , the computer has been widely used in this field , so how to improve the pilot









In the case of a computer - based video display terminal ( VDT ) ,









The degree of luminance contrast is one of the most important factors that affect the visual work efficiency .









Under the condition of acute hypoxia , the best brightness contrast of brain cognitive work is discussed .









The cognitive function of the pilot is of great significance .
The auditory channel is another important part of the external information









in modern aviation , because most of that information depend on the introduction of visual channel ,









The visual channel load is too heavy to cause the brain cognitive work efficiency to decrease , so the information is passed in









More attention has been paid to the sense pathway , which has been shown to be a double - channel person in sight and listening .









The best sound intensity value in the study of acute hypoxia was also the highest in the model .









To date , the occurrence period of brain cognitive dysfunction in acute hypoxic condition has not been studied .





























Master ' s Degree in the Fourth Military Medical University









Consistent understanding .









The purpose of this experiment was to get the best brightness contrast under mild and moderate hypoxia conditions .









Value ;
2 ) obtaining the best sound intensity value under the condition of light and moderate hypoxia ;
3 ) Analysis of using factor analysis









Two different heights , 55dB and 80dB strength and two different sound intensity on the ground and the height of 5 m









Reaction time and P . . At the time of latent period , the time period of brain dysfunction can be obtained .









The study of air ergonomics and the development of relevant standards provide the basis for human experiment .









In this study , 14 healthy male young people were employed as subjects in the ground , 1500m , respectively .









5 different luminance contrast ratios ( 8 : 1 , 10 : 1 , 12 : l , 14 : 1 ,









16 : 1 ) Visual oddball test and 5 different sound intensity values ( 55 , 60 , 70 , 80 , 85 dB )









hearing oddbal test with screen brightness of 20cdimdjm , ambient noise of 30dB , real









Complete random design is adopted , i.e . at different heights , different brightness contrast degrees and different sound intensity values









the experiment is divided into two parts , the experiments of different brightness contrast parts are carried out first ,









Experiments with different sound intensity values were performed to test the visual and auditory oddball tasks in the experiment .









During the response , the brain event - related potential P . . component latency , monitoring blood oxygen saturation , subjective









sensory evaluation and other physiological psychology indexes .









The main experimental results are as follows :









1 . Difference in RT when P is deleted between different brightness contrast tasks at different heights









Different from height , at ground and 1500In , P . , RT at each contrast









There is no significant difference between tasks , while at the height of 3 m and 5 m , P is deleted , RT is right









When the ratio is 14 : 1 , the RT is significantly shorter than the other contrast when the contrast ratio is 14 : 1 .









Under the condition of hypoxia ( 01 500In ) , the change of contrast had no obvious effect on the cognitive function of the brain ;










Under moderate hypoxia condition , the brain cognitive function is increased with the increase of brightness contrast degree , at the screen brightness ,









When 20Cdjm is 20Cdjm , the optimum contrast is 14 : l .









2 . the best sound intensity value of the ground is 60 - 70dB , under the condition of mild anoxia of 1500m ,









The best sound intensity was still 60 锝

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